{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062322706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","title":"OCCUPATIONAL ALLERGY AND ASTHMA AMONG FISH PROCESSING WORKERS IN SOUTH AFRICA","display_name":"OCCUPATIONAL ALLERGY AND ASTHMA AMONG FISH PROCESSING WORKERS IN SOUTH AFRICA","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062322706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","mag":"2062322706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047571215","display_name":"Mohamed Fareed Jeebhay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-9193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-9193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M Jeebhay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090067059","display_name":"Thomas G. Robins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-5143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-5143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Robins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041626972","display_name":"Jean\u2010Luc Malo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-6748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-6748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J-L Malo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032726746","display_name":"Xia Michelle Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-4457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-4457"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020167688","display_name":"Noah S Seixas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-2045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-2045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Seixas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, USA","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110900718","display_name":"Samuel B. Lehrer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Lehrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064790505","display_name":"E.D. Bateman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Bateman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001989950","display_name":"Roslynn Baatjies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-071X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-071X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R Baatjies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109699064","display_name":"M. Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312264882","display_name":"United States Department of Labor","ror":"https://ror.org/05mbkbj54","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312264882"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312264882","https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063312874","display_name":"Dr.Leyanna Susan George","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039434931","display_name":"E. Rusford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Russford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075617691","display_name":"Marius Smuts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-7761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-7761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Smuts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021\u2021NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079654252","display_name":"Andreas Ludwig Lopata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-9235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-9235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159253421","display_name":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e9h402","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268974","display_name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/02p715032","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Lopata","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHLS and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159253421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Cape Town, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Tulane University, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020\u2020Medical Research Council, Cape Town, RSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2225Department of Labour and Industries, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001989950","https://openalex.org/A5039434931","https://openalex.org/A5047571215","https://openalex.org/A5063312874","https://openalex.org/A5064790505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I114832834","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I159253421","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405268974","https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75460867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"S88","last_page":"S88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-asthma","display_name":"occupational asthma","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-allergy","display_name":"occupational allergy","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-processing-workers","display_name":"fish processing workers","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-meal-processing","display_name":"fish meal processing","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-canning","display_name":"fish canning","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilchard","display_name":"pilchard","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anchovy","display_name":"anchovy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atopy","display_name":"atopy","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhinoconjunctivitis","display_name":"rhinoconjunctivitis","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-hyperresponsiveness","display_name":"airway hyperresponsiveness","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure-assessment","display_name":"occupational exposure assessment","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-employment","display_name":"women's employment","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-prick-test","display_name":"skin prick test","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methacholine-challenge","display_name":"methacholine challenge","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778525234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192662","display_name":"Anchovy","level":3,"score":0.7380242347717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207480886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42982","display_name":"Allergy","level":2,"score":0.591575562953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186752","display_name":"Allergen","level":3,"score":0.5573548078536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.5530557632446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4910702705383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778781276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551913","display_name":"Occupational asthma","level":3,"score":0.4559597969055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.4529817998409271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3290431","display_name":"Fish processing","level":3,"score":0.4518369138240814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204288101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413095","display_name":"Fish meal","level":3,"score":0.44880396127700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3104707896709442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2924644351005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25823429226875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.14315906167030334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5769000053405762,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2746690908","https://openalex.org/W7097550739","https://openalex.org/W2106104066","https://openalex.org/W7095095914","https://openalex.org/W2017530174","https://openalex.org/W2123480637","https://openalex.org/W2028012838","https://openalex.org/W3205712963","https://openalex.org/W3030524229","https://openalex.org/W2001988554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ISEE-226":[0],"Introduction:":[1],"The":[2,22,214,241],"South":[3],"African":[4],"seafood":[5],"industry":[6],"employs":[7],"over":[8],"28,000":[9],"mainly":[10],"seasonal":[11],"women":[12],"workers":[13,45,63,321],"involved":[14,49],"predominantly":[15],"in":[16,46,50,129,142,347,354],"bony":[17],"fish":[18,37,51,76,105,198,234,267,335],"processing":[19,56,318],"activities.":[20],"Aim:":[21],"aim":[23],"of":[24,32,43,135,147,216,243,299,326,342,351,365],"this":[25,118],"study":[26,42,338],"was":[27,60,115,228,246,292],"to":[28,222,233,266,278,281,302,361],"determine":[29],"the":[30,130,309,340,349,363],"risk":[31,325],"developing":[33,327],"work-related":[34,202,289,328],"asthma":[35,208,253,290,329],"during":[36],"processing.":[38],"Methods:":[39],"A":[40,108],"cross-sectional":[41],"594":[44],"two":[47],"factories":[48],"canning":[52],"(pilchard)":[53],"and":[54,58,75,79,103,122,163,182,197,210,235,255,259,345],"fishmeal":[55,178],"(anchovy":[57],"pilchard),":[59],"undertaken.":[61],"All":[62,170],"were":[64,127,174,186,261,274],"evaluated":[65],"using":[66,89,112],"interviewer-administered":[67],"questionnaires,":[68],"skin":[69,211,219,272],"prick":[70,220],"tests":[71],"with":[72,190,230,270,294],"common":[73,226],"airborne":[74,145],"allergen":[77],"extracts,":[78],"pulmonary":[80],"function":[81],"including":[82],"methacholine":[83],"challenge":[84],"tests.":[85],"Time-integrated":[86],"environmental":[87,136],"sampling":[88],"a":[90,139,295],"thoracic":[91,148,195],"fraction":[92],"sampler":[93],"collected":[94],"198":[95],"personal":[96],"samples":[97,137],"for":[98,117,177],"total":[99,153,194],"particulate":[100,149,196],"mass,":[101],"protein":[102,154],"specific":[104],"antigen":[106,159,165,184,199,304],"determinations.":[107],"novel":[109],"ELISA-inhibition":[110],"assay":[111],"polyclonal":[113],"antibodies":[114],"developed":[116],"purpose.":[119],"Multivariate":[120],"logistic":[121],"Cox":[123,284],"proportional":[124,285],"hazards":[125,286],"models":[126],"used":[128],"data":[131],"analysis.":[132],"Results:":[133],"Results":[134],"demonstrated":[138],"wide":[140],"variation":[141],"mean":[143],"(arithmetic)":[144],"concentrations":[146,305],"0.61":[150],"mg/m3":[151],"(0\u201311.3),":[152],"0.89":[155],"\u03bcg/m3":[156],"(0\u201311.5),":[157],"pilchard":[158,181,303],"150":[160],"ng/m3":[161,167,307],"(0\u201315,973)":[162],"anchovy":[164,183],"552":[166],"(0\u201375,748)":[168],"levels.":[169],"four":[171],"exposure":[172],"metrics":[173],"consistently":[175],"elevated":[176],"production.":[179],"Ambient":[180],"levels":[185],"more":[187,225],"strongly":[188],"correlated":[189],"each":[191],"other":[192],"than":[193,250],"concentrations.":[200],"Common":[201],"symptoms":[203,212,273,291,312,330],"reported":[204],"included":[205],"ocular-nasal":[206],"(26%),":[207],"(16%)":[209],"(14%).":[213],"prevalence":[215,242],"atopy":[217],"(positive":[218],"test":[221],"one":[223],"or":[224],"allergens)":[227],"36%":[229],"7%":[231],"sensitized":[232,280],"26%":[236],"having":[237,288],"non-specific":[238],"bronchial":[239],"hyperresponsiveness.":[240],"fish-related":[244],"rhino-conjunctivitis":[245],"slightly":[247],"higher":[248],"(2.6%)":[249],"probable":[251],"occupational":[252],"(1.8%)":[254],"urticaria":[256],"(1%).":[257],"Atopy":[258],"smoking":[260],"important":[262],"host":[263],"factors":[264],"related":[265],"sensitization.":[268],"Workers":[269],"recurrent":[271],"twice":[275],"as":[276],"likely":[277],"be":[279],"fish.":[282],"In":[283],"models,":[287],"associated":[293],"two-fold":[296],"increased":[297,324],"odds":[298],"being":[300],"exposed":[301],">30":[306],"at":[308,323],"time":[310],"when":[311],"occurred":[313],"(OR:2.25,":[314],"CI:1.06\u20134.75).":[315],"Conclusion:":[316],"Fish":[317],"(canning/fishmeal":[319],"production)":[320],"are":[322],"by":[331],"inhaling":[332],"aerosols":[333],"containing":[334],"allergens.":[336],"This":[337],"demonstrates":[339],"role":[341],"international":[343],"collaboration":[344],"funding":[346],"promoting":[348],"conduct":[350],"state-of-the-art":[352],"studies":[353],"Southern":[355],"Africa,":[356],"which":[357],"can":[358],"inform":[359],"interventions":[360],"improve":[362],"health":[364],"workers.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
