{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062235741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","title":"A program for correcting spelling errors","display_name":"A program for correcting spelling errors","publication_year":1960,"publication_date":"1960-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062235741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","mag":"2062235741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068094447","display_name":"Charles R. Blair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles R. Blair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense, Washington 25, D. C. USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense, Washington 25, D. C. USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068094447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8984,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85416667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"60","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-correction","display_name":"spelling correction","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-errors","display_name":"spelling errors","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"pattern recognition","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-spelling","display_name":"word spelling","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.8816676139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5772719383239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5094745755195618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3712407946586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3681376874446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3280039429664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.28063446283340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2045576572418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08763030171394348}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(60)90272-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192454","display_name":"Information and Control","issn_l":"0019-9958","issn":["0019-9958","1878-2981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024247897","https://openalex.org/W2086172019","https://openalex.org/W2091173319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096555767","https://openalex.org/W34972688","https://openalex.org/W2016871293","https://openalex.org/W2034163998","https://openalex.org/W1513174443","https://openalex.org/W2111192396","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2066102695","https://openalex.org/W2525898050","https://openalex.org/W2089316759"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}