{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061745656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000115902","title":"Gradual Specification of Response Amplitude in Human Tracking Performance","display_name":"Gradual Specification of Response Amplitude in Human Tracking Performance","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061745656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000115902","mag":"2061745656","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2758304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000115902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000115902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000115902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141720782","display_name":"Brain Behavior and Evolution","issn_l":"0006-8977","issn":["0006-8977","1421-9743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain, Behavior and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113591013","display_name":"Claude P. Ghez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Ghez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York","Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114015786","display_name":"Wayne A. Hening","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Hening","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026479754","display_name":"Marco Favilla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Favilla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68482006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2-3","first_page":"69","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-preparation","display_name":"motor preparation","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-predictability","display_name":"target predictability","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-elbow-flexion","display_name":"isometric elbow flexion","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-tendency-bias","display_name":"central tendency bias","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-effects","display_name":"practice effects","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6766622066497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5439394116401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.4699029326438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.46215492486953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4460160732269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.4274158477783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.41921159625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3960191309452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3340098261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2574794590473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.17194700241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14554986357688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1310269832611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13081452250480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007699","descriptor_name":"Kinesthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000115902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000115902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000115902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141720782","display_name":"Brain Behavior and Evolution","issn_l":"0006-8977","issn":["0006-8977","1421-9743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain, Behavior and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2758304","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2758304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain, behavior and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4567682538","display_name":"TRAJECTORY SPECIFICATION IN TARGETED LIMB MOVEMENT","funder_award_id":"R01NS022715","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W131246057","https://openalex.org/W2579548005","https://openalex.org/W2003583679","https://openalex.org/W1993459089","https://openalex.org/W4212923315","https://openalex.org/W2016991367","https://openalex.org/W2066905700","https://openalex.org/W1985987313","https://openalex.org/W2147147283","https://openalex.org/W2041443278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"These":[0],"experiments":[1],"examine":[2],"how":[3],"human":[4],"subjects":[5,76,105,119,134,241],"use":[6],"information":[7,189],"from":[8],"a":[9,13,147,262],"target":[10,56,188,276],"to":[11,16,48,79,87,110,112,137,155,163,178,197,249,275,291],"trigger":[12],"response":[14,24,33,66,93,214,247,259,295],"and":[15,39,69,231,278,284],"specify":[17],"its":[18],"trajectory.":[19],"We":[20,54,237],"first":[21],"determined":[22],"if":[23],"initiation":[25],"is":[26,124,261],"predicated":[27],"on":[28],"the":[29,37,61,65,70,83,90,113,128,133,144,157,179,183,193,205,210,250,253,256,267,270,288,293],"prior":[30,177,248],"specification":[31,123,257,281],"of":[32,41,43,50,72,92,131,146,149,159,165,195,204,227,252,258,269],"amplitude":[34,158,260,280],"by":[35,265],"examining":[36],"latencies":[38,109],"trajectories":[40],"impulses":[42,140,162],"isometric":[44],"elbow":[45],"flexion":[46],"aimed":[47],"one":[49,164],"three":[51,166],"visual":[52,168],"targets.":[53,221],"varied":[55],"predictability":[57],"(simple":[58],"versus":[59],"choice),":[60],"urgency":[62],"with":[63,82,117,143],"which":[64,266],"was":[67],"required,":[68],"level":[71],"practice.":[73],"With":[74],"practice,":[75],"could":[77,190],"respond":[78,111,121],"unpredictable":[80,167],"targets":[81,169,199],"same":[84],"latency":[85],"as":[86,209],"predictable":[88,150],"ones;":[89],"range":[91],"amplitudes":[94,194,215],"was,":[95],"however,":[96],"always":[97],"constricted.":[98],"This":[99],"central":[100],"tendency":[101],"bias":[102],"disappeared":[103],"when":[104],"were":[106,135,200],"allowed":[107],"long":[108],"target,":[114],"suggesting":[115],"that":[116,203,239],"urgency,":[118],"can":[120],"before":[122,187],"complete.":[125],"To":[126],"determine":[127],"time":[129,289],"course":[130],"specification,":[132],"trained":[136],"initiate":[138,292],"force":[139,161],"in":[141],"synchrony":[142],"last":[145],"series":[148],"tones.":[151],"They":[152],"also":[153],"attempted":[154],"match":[156],"their":[160,219],"presented":[170],"at":[171,224],"randomly":[172],"varying":[173],"times":[174],"(50\u2013400":[175],"ms)":[176],"synchronizing":[180],"tone.":[181],"At":[182],"shortest":[184],"stimulus-response":[185,225],"intervals,":[186],"be":[191],"processed,":[192],"responses":[196],"all":[198],"clustered":[201],"around":[202],"middle-sized":[206],"target.":[207],"Then,":[208],"stimuli-response":[211],"interval":[212],"increased,":[213],"gradually":[216],"converged":[217],"upon":[218],"specific":[220],"Specification":[222],"started":[223],"intervals":[226],"about":[228,234],"100":[229],"ms":[230],"extended":[232],"until":[233],"350":[235],"ms.":[236],"conclude":[238],"(1)":[240],"prepare":[242],"an":[243],"adaptive":[244],"or":[245,296],"default":[246,271],"occurrence":[251],"target;":[254],"(2)":[255],"gradual":[263],"process":[264],"dimensions":[268],"are":[272],"adjusted":[273],"according":[274],"information,":[277],"(3)":[279],"begins":[282],"earlier":[283],"terminates":[285],"later":[286],"than":[287],"needed":[290],"motor":[294],"reaction":[297],"time.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}