{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060709554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","title":"A 64 fJ/step 9-bit SAR ADC Array With Forward Error Correction and Mixed-Signal CDS for CMOS Image Sensors","display_name":"A 64 fJ/step 9-bit SAR ADC Array With Forward Error Correction and Mixed-Signal CDS for CMOS Image Sensors","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060709554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","mag":"2060709554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079571945","display_name":"Denis Guangyin Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Guangyin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Computer Engineering department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Computer Engineering department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009032084","display_name":"Fang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-4878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-4878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109927673","display_name":"Man Kay Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-1129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-1129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man-Kay Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Macau University, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Macau University, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053649053","display_name":"Xiaopeng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-8012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-8012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Computer Engineering department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Computer Engineering department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043012225","display_name":"Amine Bermak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-6093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-6093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amine Bermak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Computer Engineering department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Computer Engineering department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92663083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"11","first_page":"3085","last_page":"3093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.11630000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-register-adc","display_name":"successive approximation register ADC","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor-readout","display_name":"image sensor readout","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"forward error correction","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlated-double-sampling","display_name":"correlated double sampling","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column-parallel-adc","display_name":"column-parallel ADC","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-adc","display_name":"low-power analog-to-digital converter","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-mismatch","display_name":"device mismatch","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-nonlinearity","display_name":"differential nonlinearity","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-image-sensor","display_name":"CMOS image sensor","score":0.7070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.8356261253356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4305246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3885225","display_name":"Least significant bit","level":2,"score":0.7092406153678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6569768190383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505579","display_name":"Effective number of bits","level":3,"score":0.5436616539955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62907940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541329","display_name":"Mixed-signal integrated circuit","level":3,"score":0.5129244327545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.5103132128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776310492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271420","display_name":"12-bit","level":3,"score":0.5064331293106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.49855661392211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118277053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172837","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","level":4,"score":0.4893319010734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.48871660232543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47835487127304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.47691771388053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.47277334332466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.46728071570396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45647650957107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4317489266395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.42300593852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2725130319595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.19877281785011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18859395384788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1386255919933319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12981757521629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.10116299986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09645861387252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2334852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-63660","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1549-8328&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2014&rft.spage=3085&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Denis+Guangyin&rft.atitle=A+64+fJ%2Fstep+9-bit+SAR+ADC+Array+With+Forward+Error+Correction+and+Mixed-Signal+CDS+for+CMOS+Image+Sensors&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Circuits+and+Systems+I%3A+Regular+Papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496991318","https://openalex.org/W1966891744","https://openalex.org/W1994123466","https://openalex.org/W1996332175","https://openalex.org/W2015041420","https://openalex.org/W2018657325","https://openalex.org/W2023511386","https://openalex.org/W2051097224","https://openalex.org/W2053451635","https://openalex.org/W2070027852","https://openalex.org/W2070993571","https://openalex.org/W2097761689","https://openalex.org/W2111697895","https://openalex.org/W2125521827","https://openalex.org/W2131792101","https://openalex.org/W2132870761","https://openalex.org/W2136416972","https://openalex.org/W2144106835","https://openalex.org/W2145431362","https://openalex.org/W2150423223","https://openalex.org/W2153314955","https://openalex.org/W2154979280","https://openalex.org/W2165018717","https://openalex.org/W2168336443","https://openalex.org/W2561208378","https://openalex.org/W6663796909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144106835","https://openalex.org/W2484713218","https://openalex.org/W2588447902","https://openalex.org/W4308989673","https://openalex.org/W2061937755","https://openalex.org/W2953779919","https://openalex.org/W4200061607","https://openalex.org/W2268526851","https://openalex.org/W4387411329","https://openalex.org/W2790291739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"9":[1],"b":[2],"Successive-Approximation-Register":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"Anglog-to-Digital":[5],"Converter":[6,10],"(ADC)":[7],"with":[8,64,108],"pilot-Digital-to-Analog":[9],"(pDAC)":[11],"technique":[12],"for":[13],"image":[14,62,73],"sensor":[15,74],"applications":[16],"is":[17,56,86,116],"described":[18],"in":[19,58,75],"this":[20],"paper.":[21],"Its":[22],"Forward":[23],"Error":[24],"Correction":[25],"(FEC)":[26],"improves":[27],"its":[28,95,100],"robustness":[29],"against":[30],"device":[31],"mismatch.":[32],"It":[33],"performs":[34],"mixed-signal":[35,96,111],"Correlated-Double-Sampling":[36],"(CDS)":[37],"using":[38],"only":[39],"the":[40,71,81,109,113],"ADC's":[41,82,110],"built-in":[42],"capacitor":[43],"array":[44],"without":[45,122],"any":[46,123],"additional":[47,124],"amplifier":[48],"or":[49],"memory.":[50],"The":[51],"ADC":[52],"measures":[53],"490\u03bcm\u00d77.4\u03bcm":[54],"and":[55],"demonstrated":[57],"a":[59],"low-power":[60],"CMOS":[61],"sensors":[63],"column":[65,114],"parallel":[66],"ADCs.":[67],"Measurement":[68],"results":[69],"from":[70,88,118],"prototype":[72],"0.18":[76],"\u03bcm":[77],"technology":[78],"shows":[79],"that":[80],"Differential":[83],"Non-Linearity":[84],"(DNL)":[85],"reduced":[87,117],"3.5":[89],"LSB":[90,93],"to":[91,120],"1.2":[92],"by":[94],"FEC":[97],"algorithm,":[98],"making":[99],"Figure-of-Merit":[101],"(FoM)":[102],"64":[103],"fJ/step.":[104],"Furthermore,":[105],"when":[106],"combined":[107],"Correlated-Double-Sampling,":[112],"FPN":[115],"3.2%":[119],"0.5%":[121],"circuit.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}