{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060216474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","title":"Training algorithms for linear text classifiers","display_name":"Training algorithms for linear text classifiers","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060216474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","mag":"2060216474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/243199.243277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/243199.243277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '96","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/243199.243277","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David D. Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David D. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084108666","display_name":"Robert E. Schapire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-1611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-1611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert E. Schapire","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053277619","display_name":"James P. Callan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-6203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-6203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James P. Callan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012259899","display_name":"Ron Papka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Papka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.8514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":521,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99836423,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"298","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rocchio-algorithm","display_name":"Rocchio algorithm","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-classification","display_name":"text classification","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-retrieval","display_name":"text retrieval","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-guarantees","display_name":"performance guarantees","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-setting","display_name":"parameter setting","score":0.718999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7361021041870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7279599905014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.5080316066741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4932989180088043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.4807300567626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777532764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31855","display_name":"Research center","level":2,"score":0.4518994987010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3909049332141876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3623315095901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3235721290111542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1061519980430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/243199.243277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/243199.243277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '96","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.43.9670","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.9670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~callan/callansigir96b.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.2616","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.2616","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.att.com/~lewis/papers/lewis96d.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.3104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.3104","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.att.com/~schapire/cgi-bin/uncompress-papers/LewisScCaPa96.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/243199.243277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243277","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/243199.243277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '96","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060216474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060216474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187060457","https://openalex.org/W1507179106","https://openalex.org/W1853800330","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W1969572066","https://openalex.org/W1972001419","https://openalex.org/W1973991804","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1980515494","https://openalex.org/W1986913017","https://openalex.org/W2000569744","https://openalex.org/W2000672666","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2063993968","https://openalex.org/W2065010255","https://openalex.org/W2069317438","https://openalex.org/W2069564398","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2102054292","https://openalex.org/W2153962014","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2199011767","https://openalex.org/W2325227998","https://openalex.org/W2440833291","https://openalex.org/W2887107689","https://openalex.org/W2895674046","https://openalex.org/W2911779492","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3144372880","https://openalex.org/W3151387521","https://openalex.org/W4234200495","https://openalex.org/W4245322178","https://openalex.org/W4246004437","https://openalex.org/W6650218246","https://openalex.org/W6753469269","https://openalex.org/W7021264618","https://openalex.org/W7045474554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100784893","https://openalex.org/W1991270309","https://openalex.org/W4249447858","https://openalex.org/W2096152098","https://openalex.org/W1979585254","https://openalex.org/W2040424159","https://openalex.org/W1524688041","https://openalex.org/W2065010255","https://openalex.org/W7097795828","https://openalex.org/W2060476676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"for":[1,48],"text":[2,31],"retrieval,":[3],"routing,":[4],"categorization":[5,70],"and":[6,23,43,56,71],"other":[7],"IR":[8,36],"tasks":[9],"rely":[10],"heavily":[11],"on":[12,45,68],"linear":[13,30],"classifiers.We":[14],"propose":[15],"that":[16],"two":[17],"machine":[18],"learning":[19],"algorithms,":[20,25],"the":[21,63],"Widrow-Hoff":[22,55],"EG":[24,57],"be":[26,59],"used":[27,65],"in":[28],"training":[29],"classifiers.In":[32],"contrast":[33],"to":[34,58],"most":[35],"methods,":[37],"theoretical":[38],"analysis":[39],"provides":[40],"performance":[41],"guarantees":[42],"guidance":[44],"parameter":[46],"settings":[47],"these":[49],"algorithms.Experimental":[50],"data":[51],"is":[52],"presented":[53],"showing":[54],"more":[60],"effective":[61],"than":[62],"widely":[64],"Rocchio":[66],"algorithm":[67],"several":[69],"routing":[72],"tasks.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}