{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060168050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","title":"The minimal nanowire: Mechanical properties of carbyne","display_name":"The minimal nanowire: Mechanical properties of carbyne","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060168050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","mag":"2060168050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161185981","display_name":"Europhysics Letters (EPL)","issn_l":"0295-5075","issn":["0295-5075","1286-4854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPL (Europhysics Letters)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022181757","display_name":"Arun K. Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-5335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-5335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. K. Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA","Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091146295","display_name":"Steven W. Cranford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-8949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-8949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. W. Cranford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA","Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011504360","display_name":"Markus J. Buehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-9659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. Buehler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA","Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 1-235A&B, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":1895,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1895},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9475,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91863744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"1","first_page":"16002","last_page":"16002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.44190001487731934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.44190001487731934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11341","display_name":"Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research","score":0.42410001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.035100001841783524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbyne","display_name":"carbyne","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanowires","display_name":"nanowires","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-s-modulus","display_name":"Young's modulus","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/size-dependent-strength","display_name":"size-dependent strength","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrational-frequencies","display_name":"vibrational frequencies","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaxff-molecular-dynamics","display_name":"ReaxFF molecular dynamics","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanomaterials","display_name":"carbon nanomaterials","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780696404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623215","display_name":"Carbyne","level":4,"score":0.9979598522186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7535810470581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74214498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631739","display_name":"Nanowire","level":2,"score":0.5493004322052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59593255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663","display_name":"Molecular dynamics","level":2,"score":0.49046799540519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991667435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334951","display_name":"Carbon chain","level":2,"score":0.4749455749988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.44341471791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.33131346106529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.33083105087280273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.31184911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3104305863380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1501826047897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10282936692237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419257","display_name":"Carbene","level":3,"score":0.05667203664779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161185981","display_name":"Europhysics Letters (EPL)","issn_l":"0295-5075","issn":["0295-5075","1286-4854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPL (Europhysics Letters)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epljournal.edpsciences.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002/pdf","pdf_url":"https://epljournal.edpsciences.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/95/16002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161185981","display_name":"Europhysics Letters (EPL)","issn_l":"0295-5075","issn":["0295-5075","1286-4854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPL (Europhysics Letters)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G337158924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR - 0819762","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3725677605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0819762","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6406646429","display_name":"MIT Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC)","funder_award_id":"0819762","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7256699606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-0819762","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","funder_display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qa5ep47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060168050.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2060168050.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11476871","https://openalex.org/W1642453465","https://openalex.org/W1965618771","https://openalex.org/W1979680610","https://openalex.org/W1980296062","https://openalex.org/W1985749205","https://openalex.org/W1985831668","https://openalex.org/W1986113316","https://openalex.org/W1986993716","https://openalex.org/W2010971702","https://openalex.org/W2018858346","https://openalex.org/W2019465613","https://openalex.org/W2025990563","https://openalex.org/W2029667189","https://openalex.org/W2031448154","https://openalex.org/W2035266068","https://openalex.org/W2036239313","https://openalex.org/W2043424687","https://openalex.org/W2044903142","https://openalex.org/W2051063323","https://openalex.org/W2052903324","https://openalex.org/W2054777589","https://openalex.org/W2058122340","https://openalex.org/W2062439807","https://openalex.org/W2065668483","https://openalex.org/W2067304972","https://openalex.org/W2104713308","https://openalex.org/W2112411400","https://openalex.org/W2138861556","https://openalex.org/W2146041379","https://openalex.org/W2155155530","https://openalex.org/W3042411159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086962411","https://openalex.org/W2621190189","https://openalex.org/W2047805806","https://openalex.org/W2100271036","https://openalex.org/W3174735457","https://openalex.org/W2806081048","https://openalex.org/W1553019994","https://openalex.org/W2091494954","https://openalex.org/W1601833054","https://openalex.org/W2087251689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1,9,29],"molecular":[2,54],"assembly":[3],"are":[4,122],"converging":[5],"to":[6,92,114,124],"an":[7],"ultimate":[8],"atomistic":[10],"precision":[11],"\u2014nanostructures":[12],"built":[13],"by":[14,51],"single":[15,22],"atoms.":[16],"Recent":[17],"experimental":[18],"studies":[19],"confirm":[20],"that":[21,82,105],"chains":[23,107],"of":[24,48,60,74],"carbon":[25],"atoms":[26],"\u2014carbyne\u2014":[27],"exist":[28],"stable":[30],"polyyne":[31],"structures":[32],"and":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35,125],"synthesized,":[36],"representing":[37],"the":[38,45,90,118],"minimal":[39],"possible":[40],"nanowire.":[41],"Here":[42],"we":[43],"report":[44],"mechanical":[46],"properties":[47],"carbyne":[49,101,106],"obtained":[50],"first-principles\u2013based":[52],"ReaxFF":[53],"simulation.":[55],"A":[56],"peak":[57],"Young's":[58],"modulus":[59],"288":[61],"GPa":[62,86,96],"is":[63],"found":[64,123],"with":[65],"linear":[66],"stiffnesses":[67],"ranging":[68],"from":[69,84],"64.6\u20135":[70],"N/m":[71],"for":[72,89,99,117],"lengths":[73],"5\u201364":[75],"\u00c5.":[76],"We":[77,103],"identify":[78],"a":[79,93],"size-dependent":[80],"strength":[81],"ranges":[83],"11":[85],"(1.3":[87],"nN)":[88,98],"shortest":[91,119],"constant":[94],"8":[95],"(0.9":[97],"longer":[100],"chains.":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"exhibit":[108],"extremely":[109],"high":[110],"vibrational":[111],"frequencies":[112],"close":[113],"6":[115],"THz":[116],"chains,":[120],"which":[121],"highly":[126],"length-dependent.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}