{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060132009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038713","title":"Purifying the Body Politic: Steroids, Rafael Palmeiro, and the Rhetorical Cleansing of Major League Baseball","display_name":"Purifying the Body Politic: Steroids, Rafael Palmeiro, and the Rhetorical Cleansing of Major League Baseball","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060132009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038713","mag":"2060132009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10570310802038713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93133213","display_name":"Western Journal of Communication","issn_l":"1057-0314","issn":["1057-0314","1745-1027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008893510","display_name":"Michael L. Butterworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-0090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-0090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Butterworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Studies at Bowling Green State University","[Bowling Green State University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Studies at Bowling Green State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bowling Green State University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008893510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96211059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13814","display_name":"Cultural and political discourse analysis","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-enhancing-drugs","display_name":"performance-enhancing drugs","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-league-baseball","display_name":"Major League Baseball","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/george-w-bush","display_name":"George W. Bush","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-the-union-address","display_name":"State of the Union address","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-9-11-politics","display_name":"post-9/11 politics","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics-of-fear","display_name":"politics of fear","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scapegoating","display_name":"scapegoating","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-politics","display_name":"body politics","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780230221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4936955","display_name":"Body politic","level":3,"score":0.7592926621437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781201115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912143","display_name":"Scapegoating","level":3,"score":0.7552544474601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1370556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009","display_name":"Rhetoric","level":2,"score":0.7538149356842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5348647236824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5019245147705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.49358999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.488137811422348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4427393078804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4224255383014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41832882165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777138209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231002","display_name":"Nationality","level":3,"score":0.4160380959510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.36615562438964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.1443018615245819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.12966468930244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10570310802038713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310802038713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93133213","display_name":"Western Journal of Communication","issn_l":"1057-0314","issn":["1057-0314","1745-1027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299954464","https://openalex.org/W370449236","https://openalex.org/W563345040","https://openalex.org/W601018353","https://openalex.org/W604643312","https://openalex.org/W619003130","https://openalex.org/W621246743","https://openalex.org/W624724702","https://openalex.org/W644617415","https://openalex.org/W655017546","https://openalex.org/W655400156","https://openalex.org/W1151228740","https://openalex.org/W1494872313","https://openalex.org/W1516605260","https://openalex.org/W1563710791","https://openalex.org/W1588103776","https://openalex.org/W1592635331","https://openalex.org/W1965618196","https://openalex.org/W1966323620","https://openalex.org/W1985306786","https://openalex.org/W1991522609","https://openalex.org/W1998228290","https://openalex.org/W2004217020","https://openalex.org/W2015204799","https://openalex.org/W2032598990","https://openalex.org/W2041824182","https://openalex.org/W2047797456","https://openalex.org/W2051491569","https://openalex.org/W2052803649","https://openalex.org/W2056352083","https://openalex.org/W2069205073","https://openalex.org/W2071231472","https://openalex.org/W2086618476","https://openalex.org/W2094846406","https://openalex.org/W2121393013","https://openalex.org/W2137053259","https://openalex.org/W2138748984","https://openalex.org/W2476845024","https://openalex.org/W2798289968","https://openalex.org/W4206138822","https://openalex.org/W4211184593","https://openalex.org/W4254891372","https://openalex.org/W4298091380","https://openalex.org/W4298147498","https://openalex.org/W4300838487","https://openalex.org/W4301407881","https://openalex.org/W4390009957","https://openalex.org/W4392807365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239488635","https://openalex.org/W769521658","https://openalex.org/W2747092239","https://openalex.org/W4312437113","https://openalex.org/W2075875039","https://openalex.org/W2905327013","https://openalex.org/W6889792889","https://openalex.org/W2139818011","https://openalex.org/W2167733573","https://openalex.org/W2954510271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"President":[1],"George":[2],"W.":[3],"Bush":[4],"used":[5],"his":[6],"2004":[7],"State":[8],"of":[9,17,124,132,136,141],"the":[10,15,39,51,54,62,76,82,92,96,99,112,122,129,134,139],"Union":[11],"address":[12],"to":[13,58,78,94,116],"condemn":[14],"use":[16],"performance-enhancing":[18,104],"drugs":[19],"in":[20,36],"professional":[21],"sports,":[22],"many":[23],"reacted":[24],"with":[25,38],"confusion":[26],"or":[27],"frustration":[28],"that":[29,56,75,145],"a":[30,44,109],"seemingly":[31],"trivial":[32],"matter":[33],"was":[34,118],"placed":[35],"context":[37],"\u201cwar":[40],"on":[41],"terror\u201d":[42],"and":[43,61,80,143],"struggling":[45],"economy.":[46],"However,":[47],"these":[48],"reactions":[49],"overlook":[50],"consistency":[52],"between":[53],"rhetoric":[55,64],"seeks":[57],"ban":[59],"steroids":[60,117],"broader":[63],"about":[65],"national":[66,100],"community":[67,135],"after":[68],"9/11.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"essay,":[72],"I":[73],"argue":[74],"attempt":[77,93],"purify":[79,95],"inoculate":[81],"\u201cbody":[83],"politic\u201d":[84],"against":[85],"foreign":[86],"threats":[87],"is":[88],"metaphorically":[89],"replicated":[90],"by":[91,102],"bodies":[97],"within":[98],"pastime":[101],"banning":[103],"drugs.":[105],"Using":[106],"baseball":[107],"as":[108],"metaphor":[110],"for":[111],"nation,":[113],"Bush's":[114],"attention":[115],"later":[119],"dramatized":[120],"through":[121,128],"suspension":[123],"Rafael":[125],"Palmeiro.":[126],"Thus,":[127],"subsequent":[130],"scapegoating":[131],"Palmeiro,":[133],"sport":[137],"reproduced":[138],"politics":[140],"fear":[142],"division":[144],"have":[146],"characterized":[147],"post-9/11":[148],"America.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
