{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059935751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","title":"The existence of forces","display_name":"The existence of forces","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059935751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","mag":"2059935751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21220828","display_name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","issn_l":"0039-3681","issn":["0039-3681","1879-2510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111204808","display_name":"Brian Ellis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Trobe University Australia","La Trobe University,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Trobe University Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Trobe University,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111204808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":2930,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2930},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24208501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"171","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":0.0502999983727932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/william-whewell","display_name":"William Whewell","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force","display_name":"force","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"classical mechanics","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification","display_name":"unification","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explanation","display_name":"explanation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kepler-s-laws","display_name":"Kepler's laws","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idealization","display_name":"idealization","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empiricism","display_name":"empiricism","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-laws-of-nature","display_name":"fundamental laws of nature","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.7217271327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207963374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47592","display_name":"Kepler","level":3,"score":0.667758584022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36790819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83368","display_name":"Empiricism","level":2,"score":0.6453567743301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6449703574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5787083506584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5576624870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5480608344078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.4976532757282257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C294558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366968","display_name":"Newtonian fluid","level":2,"score":0.47452083230018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55337741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38433","display_name":"Newton's laws of motion","level":2,"score":0.46816110610961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194583477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408891","display_name":"Physical law","level":2,"score":0.4263153076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3808079957962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3214814364910126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28437721729278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19738808274269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(76)90015-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21220828","display_name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","issn_l":"0039-3681","issn":["0039-3681","1879-2510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985747587","https://openalex.org/W2037031429","https://openalex.org/W6659777263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3212579243","https://openalex.org/W2033236732","https://openalex.org/W3091531388","https://openalex.org/W2043387288","https://openalex.org/W2273612799","https://openalex.org/W2076214316","https://openalex.org/W765725159","https://openalex.org/W2808737230","https://openalex.org/W2906170411","https://openalex.org/W1965547396"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
