{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059928612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","title":"The asthma syndrome: inciters, inducers, and host characteristics.","display_name":"The asthma syndrome: inciters, inducers, and host characteristics.","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059928612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","mag":"2059928612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7031976","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/471689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/thx.36.9.614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","pdf_url":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/36/9/614.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106546978","display_name":"Thorax","issn_l":"0040-6376","issn":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/36/9/614.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008551153","display_name":"Jerry Dolovich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Dolovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","Room 3V41,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Room 3V41,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113644570","display_name":"FREDERICK E. HARGREAVE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Hargreave","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2737,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33333333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"9","first_page":"614","last_page":"644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10877","display_name":"Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-asthmatic-response","display_name":"early asthmatic response","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/late-asthmatic-reaction","display_name":"late asthmatic response","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergen-inhalation-challenge","display_name":"allergen inhalation challenge","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histamine","display_name":"histamine","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methacholine","display_name":"methacholine","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-air-challenge","display_name":"cold air challenge","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction","display_name":"exercise-induced bronchoconstriction","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.8522363305091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7453268766403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.7029649019241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840343","display_name":"Inhalation","level":2,"score":0.5868653059005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.5439134240150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994443828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Host response","level":3,"score":0.5416967272758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779993553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173022","display_name":"Bronchitis","level":2,"score":0.4658399820327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.43813690543174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41571980714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.2484910786151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15775254368782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.10828998684883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10763871669769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.10146903991699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09054505825042725}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001985","descriptor_name":"Bronchial Provocation Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007073","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin E","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/thx.36.9.614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","pdf_url":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/36/9/614.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106546978","display_name":"Thorax","issn_l":"0040-6376","issn":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:471689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/471689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:7031976","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7031976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/thx.36.9.614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.36.9.614","pdf_url":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/36/9/614.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106546978","display_name":"Thorax","issn_l":"0040-6376","issn":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2059928612.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2059928612.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73664722","https://openalex.org/W103156832","https://openalex.org/W1589105822","https://openalex.org/W1597652297","https://openalex.org/W1727696040","https://openalex.org/W1804254591","https://openalex.org/W1930536036","https://openalex.org/W1966943733","https://openalex.org/W1969132883","https://openalex.org/W1979892547","https://openalex.org/W1984957837","https://openalex.org/W1987880021","https://openalex.org/W1992558182","https://openalex.org/W1995648102","https://openalex.org/W2001728531","https://openalex.org/W2015269697","https://openalex.org/W2021795529","https://openalex.org/W2025452840","https://openalex.org/W2026463610","https://openalex.org/W2032386617","https://openalex.org/W2049239278","https://openalex.org/W2055705628","https://openalex.org/W2057734882","https://openalex.org/W2069163164","https://openalex.org/W2080650174","https://openalex.org/W2085347376","https://openalex.org/W2087206568","https://openalex.org/W2094331081","https://openalex.org/W2119060484","https://openalex.org/W2125584814","https://openalex.org/W2137401824","https://openalex.org/W2146223309","https://openalex.org/W2162383382","https://openalex.org/W2195432329","https://openalex.org/W2239962911","https://openalex.org/W2333708853","https://openalex.org/W2444287088","https://openalex.org/W6645297576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964534404","https://openalex.org/W2169423124","https://openalex.org/W1842773144","https://openalex.org/W2087292894","https://openalex.org/W4251343101","https://openalex.org/W2613372586","https://openalex.org/W48249593","https://openalex.org/W7150976680","https://openalex.org/W2019239350","https://openalex.org/W2028742427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"asthma":[1,14,28,56,61,106],"syndrome:":[2],"inciters,":[3],"inducers,":[4],"and":[5,39,60,68,77,117,155,189,213,234,241,273],"host":[6,25],"characteristics":[7],"A":[8],"number":[9],"of":[10,43,47,55,111,119,122,131,148,192,195,210,229,237],"prevailing":[11],"assumptions":[12,88],"about":[13],"would":[15],"benefit":[16],"from":[17,70,109,226,264],"re-examination.An":[18],"example":[19],"is":[20,29,37,62,66,85,133],"the":[21,24,32,35,41,53,58,120,134,150,156,164,168,186,193,211,216,227,247,254],"view":[22],"that":[23,34,86],"abnormality":[26,36],"in":[27,57,101,126,140,163,167,185,215,257],"hereditary.Others":[30],"include":[31],"concepts":[33],"stable":[38],"life-long,":[40],"measurement":[42],"a":[44],"normal":[45],"level":[46],"non-specific":[48],"bronchial":[49],"respon-":[50],"siveness":[51],"precludes":[52],"possibility":[54],"individual,":[59],"an":[63],"entity":[64],"which":[65,80,243],"separate":[67],"distinct":[69],"others":[71],"such":[72],"as":[73,93,96],"bronchitis,":[74],"cystic":[75],"fibrosis,":[76],"pertussis.The":[78],"position":[79],"will":[81,200],"be":[82,91,201],"developed":[83],"here":[84],"these":[87],"can":[89],"now":[90],"taken":[92],"oversimplifications":[94],"and,":[95],"such,":[97],"at":[98],"least":[99],"partially":[100],"error.Numerous":[102],"new":[103],"insights":[104],"into":[105],"have":[107],"emerged":[108],"observations":[110,118],"responses":[112,173,177,196,206,261],"to":[113,178,197,245],"experimental":[114,135],"inhalation":[115,137],"challenges":[116],"effects":[121],"environmental":[123],"exposures":[124],"particularly":[125],"occu-":[127],"pational":[128],"settings.One":[129],"type":[130],"challenge":[132,138],"allergen":[136],"test":[139],"allergic":[141],"asthmatic":[142,153,159,171,205,223],"individuals-this":[143],"elicits":[144],"two":[145],"basic":[146],"types":[147],"responses,":[149],"early":[151,222],"(immediate)":[152],"response":[154,224],"late":[157],"(non-immediate)":[158],"response.Both":[160],"may":[161,252],"occur":[162],"same":[165],"individual":[166],"so-called":[169],"dual":[170],"response.'These":[172],"are":[174],"mimicked":[175],"by":[176],"non-allergic":[179],"stimuli":[180,199,277],"including":[181,239],"airborne":[182],"chemicals":[183],"encountered":[184],"workplace.Some":[187],"theoretical":[188],"practical":[190],"implications":[191],"patterns":[194],"various":[198],"considered":[202],"here.":[203],"IncitersEarly":[204],"develop":[207],"within":[208],"minutes":[209],"stimulus":[212],"disappear":[214],"first":[217],"hour":[218],"or":[219],"so.The":[220],"antigen-induced":[221],"results":[225],"interaction":[228],"antigen":[230],"with":[231],"IgE":[232,255],"antibody":[233,251,256],"subsequent":[235],"release":[236],"mediators":[238],"histamine":[240],"SRS-A":[242],"appear":[244],"mediate":[246],"bronchoconstriction.23":[248],"Short-latency":[249],"IgG":[250],"replace":[253],"some":[258],"cases.4":[259],"5Early":[260],"also":[262],"result":[263],"inhaled":[265,267,269],"histamine,6":[266],"methacholine,7":[268],"cold":[270],"air,8":[271],"hyperventilation,9":[272],"exercise.'0The":[274],"latter":[275],"three":[276],"apparently":[278],"operate":[279],"through":[280],"heat":[281],"exchange":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}