{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059905096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0156","title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Zinc Protoporphyrin and Hemoglobin Concentrations in Identifying Iron Deficiency in a Group of Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children: Practical Implications of Recent Illness","display_name":"Comparative Effectiveness of Zinc Protoporphyrin and Hemoglobin Concentrations in Identifying Iron Deficiency in a Group of Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children: Practical Implications of Recent Illness","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059905096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0156","mag":"2059905096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16818569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77494981","display_name":"PEDIATRICS","issn_l":"0031-4005","issn":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084068982","display_name":"Rebecca E. Crowell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-6289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-6289"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Crowell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutritional Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutritional Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111516091","display_name":"Ann M. Ferris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann M. Ferris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut","Department of Nutritional Sciences","Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Nutritional Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutritional Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Nutritional Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041369923","display_name":"Richard James Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-2741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-2741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111395","display_name":"Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/01d0zz505","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210111395","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I4210111395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Patricia Joyce","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Joyce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145","https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065738024","display_name":"Hilda Slivka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilda Slivka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145","https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84586626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"118","issue":"1","first_page":"224","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-protoporphyrin","display_name":"zinc protoporphyrin","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin","display_name":"hemoglobin","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-deficiency","display_name":"iron deficiency","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-depletion","display_name":"iron depletion","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-ferritin","display_name":"serum ferritin","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anemia","display_name":"anemia","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-children","display_name":"low-income children","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-status-screening","display_name":"iron status screening","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-predictive-value","display_name":"positive predictive value","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection","display_name":"infection","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781447869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204594","display_name":"Zinc protoporphyrin","level":4,"score":0.90073561668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8650048971176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041","display_name":"Hemoglobin","level":2,"score":0.6780184507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778319317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327449","display_name":"Ferritin","level":2,"score":0.6637042760848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5445","display_name":"Anemia","level":2,"score":0.5937332510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778417259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619815","display_name":"Protoporphyrin","level":3,"score":0.5665521025657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777417653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1313081","display_name":"Iron deficiency","level":3,"score":0.4843229353427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.46350568532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.39462190866470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3552280068397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3352322578430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189621","display_name":"Heme","level":3,"score":0.25170662999153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11124902963638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779480358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422926","display_name":"Porphyrin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003237","descriptor_name":"Connecticut","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005293","descriptor_name":"Ferritins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007239","descriptor_name":"Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011524","descriptor_name":"Protoporphyrins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018798","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Iron-Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018798","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Iron-Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77494981","display_name":"PEDIATRICS","issn_l":"0031-4005","issn":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16818569","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16818569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.498.9664","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.498.9664","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://intl-pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/224.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310017","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6472261","https://openalex.org/W322424095","https://openalex.org/W1564581682","https://openalex.org/W1828989111","https://openalex.org/W1878595794","https://openalex.org/W1895662353","https://openalex.org/W1907919068","https://openalex.org/W1917604757","https://openalex.org/W1924847619","https://openalex.org/W1967828145","https://openalex.org/W1970227507","https://openalex.org/W1980587833","https://openalex.org/W1982359323","https://openalex.org/W1982558661","https://openalex.org/W1994307831","https://openalex.org/W2020139241","https://openalex.org/W2024357008","https://openalex.org/W2033301706","https://openalex.org/W2035980481","https://openalex.org/W2037960589","https://openalex.org/W2061440305","https://openalex.org/W2066493299","https://openalex.org/W2081852263","https://openalex.org/W2082126460","https://openalex.org/W2086314546","https://openalex.org/W2089621617","https://openalex.org/W2094973400","https://openalex.org/W2099320317","https://openalex.org/W2102529091","https://openalex.org/W2104444347","https://openalex.org/W2107383758","https://openalex.org/W2109512091","https://openalex.org/W2114063683","https://openalex.org/W2117732858","https://openalex.org/W2119022501","https://openalex.org/W2121793806","https://openalex.org/W2122529949","https://openalex.org/W2124145171","https://openalex.org/W2140759432","https://openalex.org/W2150663883","https://openalex.org/W2153220353","https://openalex.org/W2158369480","https://openalex.org/W2162161641","https://openalex.org/W2163311416","https://openalex.org/W2169174961","https://openalex.org/W3205348139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2739540417","https://openalex.org/W2162161641","https://openalex.org/W2150071956","https://openalex.org/W4312504748","https://openalex.org/W1982359323","https://openalex.org/W2137938934","https://openalex.org/W7100813710","https://openalex.org/W26615481","https://openalex.org/W6921053393","https://openalex.org/W2352095239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,210],"goal":[2],"was":[3,29,48,62,80,162],"to":[4,147,198,228],"assess":[5],"the":[6,116,150,217],"influence":[7],"of":[8,54,72,78,92,115,127,154,168,213,221],"recent":[9,106,120,148,208,214],"infection":[10],"on":[11,216],"screening":[12],"tests":[13],"for":[14,101],"iron":[15,134,230],"depletion":[16,47],"(zinc":[17],"protoporphyrin":[18,96,166,183,223],"and":[19,34,41,88,94,100,104,122],"hemoglobin)":[20],"among":[21,142],"low-income,":[22],"preschool-aged":[23,44],"children.":[24,45,145,176,189],"METHODS:":[25],"This":[26],"cross-sectional":[27],"study":[28],"conducted":[30],"at":[31],"community":[32],"sites":[33],"ambulatory":[35],"care":[36],"clinics":[37],"in":[38],"Hartford,":[39],"Connecticut,":[40],"included":[42],"180":[43],"Iron":[46],"defined":[49,63],"as":[50,196],"serum":[51,201],"ferritin":[52,137,202,225],"levels":[53,138,167,184],"<":[55],"or":[56,66,70],"=":[57],"15":[58],"microg/L.":[59],"Recent":[60],"illness":[61,215],"by":[64],"parent":[65],"guardian":[67],"(caretaker)":[68],"report":[69],"evidence":[71],"elevated":[73,155,181],"C-reactive":[74],"protein":[75],"concentrations.":[76],"History":[77],"anemia":[79],"determined":[81],"through":[82],"medical":[83],"records":[84],"review.":[85],"Sensitivity,":[86],"specificity":[87],"positive":[89,151,218],"predictive":[90,152,219],"values":[91],"hemoglobin":[93],"zinc":[95,156,182,222],"were":[97,139,193],"calculated":[98],"overall":[99],"children":[102,117,192,206],"with":[103,179,205],"without":[105,207],"illness.":[107,209],"RESULTS:":[108],"At":[109],"enrollment,":[110],"more":[111,174,187],"than":[112,130],"one":[113,131,194],"half":[114,195],"had":[118,124,133],"a":[119,125],"illness,":[121,149],"57.5%":[123],"history":[126],"anemia.":[128],"More":[129],"third":[132],"depletion.":[135],"Serum":[136],"significantly":[140,173,186],"higher":[141],"recently":[143],"ill":[144,191],"Secondary":[146],"value":[153,220],"protoporphyrin,":[157],"but":[158],"not":[159],"low":[160,200],"hemoglobin,":[161],"reduced":[163],"significantly.":[164],"Zinc":[165],">69":[169],"micromol/mol":[170],"heme":[171],"identified":[172,185],"iron-deficient":[175,188],"CONCLUSIONS:":[177],"Compared":[178],"anemia,":[180],"Recently":[190],"likely":[197],"have":[199],"levels,":[203],"compared":[204],"negative":[211],"effect":[212],"when":[224],"is":[226],"used":[227],"determine":[229],"status":[231],"has":[232],"many":[233],"practical":[234],"implications.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}