{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059707201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002365","title":"Analysis of the Indicators of Pathological Internet Use in Spanish University Students","display_name":"Analysis of the Indicators of Pathological Internet Use in Spanish University Students","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059707201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002365","mag":"2059707201","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20977019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1138741600002365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54899181","display_name":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology","issn_l":"1138-7416","issn":["1138-7416","1698-1200","1988-2904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","latindex","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Spanish journal of psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053340862","display_name":"Marina Julia Mu\u00f1oz-Rivas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marina J. Mu\u00f1oz-Rivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. marina.munoz@uam.es","Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. marina.munoz@uam.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103372441","display_name":"Liria Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liria Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (Spain","#R##N#Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#R##N#Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007593206","display_name":"Manuel G\u00e1mez\u2010Guadix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-1662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-1662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel G\u00e1mez-Guadix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (Spain","#R##N#Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#R##N#Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053340862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98364328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"697","last_page":"707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-addiction","display_name":"internet addiction","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problematic-internet-use","display_name":"problematic internet use","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-time","display_name":"online time","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-reinforcement","display_name":"negative reinforcement","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-of-control","display_name":"loss of control","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-behavior","display_name":"health behavior","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-addiction","display_name":"behavioral addiction","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-university-students","display_name":"Spanish university students","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.8570749759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.8194147348403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5820419788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5290711522102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4973888695240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.4469067454338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42017504572868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.4151621162891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3573005199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.35403430461883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22060942649841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.14945679903030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11808136105537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09071925282478333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0848190188407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007389","descriptor_name":"Internal-External Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016739","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Addictive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016739","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Addictive","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016739","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Addictive","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1138741600002365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54899181","display_name":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology","issn_l":"1138-7416","issn":["1138-7416","1698-1200","1988-2904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","latindex","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Spanish journal of psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20977019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20977019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Spanish journal of psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30472755","https://openalex.org/W399408265","https://openalex.org/W1555219449","https://openalex.org/W1591520627","https://openalex.org/W1606609367","https://openalex.org/W1867227487","https://openalex.org/W1906044078","https://openalex.org/W1970339110","https://openalex.org/W1982251054","https://openalex.org/W1993623085","https://openalex.org/W2004899597","https://openalex.org/W2010386040","https://openalex.org/W2020390295","https://openalex.org/W2025901006","https://openalex.org/W2030708609","https://openalex.org/W2055097229","https://openalex.org/W2063284279","https://openalex.org/W2069691347","https://openalex.org/W2069961050","https://openalex.org/W2070291647","https://openalex.org/W2086155076","https://openalex.org/W2088507719","https://openalex.org/W2092450369","https://openalex.org/W2095131939","https://openalex.org/W2112311786","https://openalex.org/W2112758691","https://openalex.org/W2118242114","https://openalex.org/W2123702486","https://openalex.org/W2147884316","https://openalex.org/W2363770625","https://openalex.org/W2935570848","https://openalex.org/W4251904093","https://openalex.org/W4315747725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7008451570","https://openalex.org/W4414181713","https://openalex.org/W1994356530","https://openalex.org/W1603439332","https://openalex.org/W7096880145","https://openalex.org/W2369666165","https://openalex.org/W2032234683","https://openalex.org/W45347413","https://openalex.org/W6959417753","https://openalex.org/W192900529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Addiction":[0],"to":[1,19,34,42,80,161],"and":[2,15,25,45,52,72,133,167],"problematic":[3],"use":[4,54,91,149],"of":[5,30,55,63,67,100,119,124,155],"the":[6,36,43,46,92,103,136,153],"Internet":[7,44,93,104,148],"are":[8,159],"relatively":[9],"recent":[10],"phenomena":[11],"whose":[12],"scope,":[13],"characteristics":[14],"correlates":[16],"have":[17],"begun":[18],"receive":[20],"increasing":[21],"attention":[22],"by":[23],"clinicians":[24],"researchers":[26],"alike.":[27],"The":[28,59,84],"purpose":[29],"this":[31,56],"study":[32],"was":[33,61],"examine":[35],"relationship":[37],"between":[38],"time":[39,101],"spent":[40],"connected":[41],"variables":[47],"that":[48,110,146,158],"indicate":[49],"a":[50,116],"pathological":[51],"addictive":[53],"technological":[57,168],"resource.":[58],"sample":[60],"comprised":[62],"1,301":[64],"university":[65],"students":[66],"both":[68],"sexes":[69],"(927":[70],"women":[71],"374":[73],"men),":[74],"with":[75,152,164],"ages":[76],"ranging":[77],"from":[78],"18":[79],"30":[81],"years":[82],"old.":[83],"results":[85],"showed":[86],"that,":[87],"although":[88],"most":[89],"people":[90],"appropriately,":[94],"users":[95],"who":[96],"invest":[97],"higher":[98],"quantities":[99],"in":[102,130,135],"more":[105],"frequently":[106],"exhibit":[107],"connection":[108,127],"behavior":[109],"is":[111,150],"controlled":[112],"through":[113],"negative":[114],"reinforcement,":[115],"high":[117],"degree":[118],"arousal":[120],"when":[121],"online,":[122],"loss":[123],"control":[125],"over":[126],"behavior,":[128],"changes":[129],"health-related":[131],"habits,":[132],"interference":[134],"social,":[137],"family,":[138],"academic,":[139],"or":[140],"work":[141],"spheres.":[142],"These":[143],"findings":[144],"suggest":[145],"excessive":[147],"associated":[151,163],"onset":[154],"several":[156],"problems":[157],"similar":[160],"those":[162],"other":[165],"behavioral":[166],"addictions.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}