{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059533196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","title":"A Policy Model to Evaluate the Benefits, Risks and Costs of Warfarin Pharmacogenomic Testing","display_name":"A Policy Model to Evaluate the Benefits, Risks and Costs of Warfarin Pharmacogenomic Testing","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059533196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","mag":"2059533196","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20014877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43019230","display_name":"PharmacoEconomics","issn_l":"1170-7690","issn":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320330","host_organization_name":"Adis, Springer Healthcare","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320330","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Adis, Springer Healthcare","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PharmacoEconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051646718","display_name":"Lisa M. Meckley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4791-4294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4791-4294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa M. Meckley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049489504","display_name":"James M. Gudgeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-3153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-3153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108785884","display_name":"Intermountain Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvr1r74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Gudgeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","Intermountain Healthcare"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Healthcare","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884435","display_name":"Jeffrey L. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-8685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-8685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108785884","display_name":"Intermountain Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvr1r74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey L. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","Intermountain Healthcare"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Healthcare","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009326615","display_name":"Marc S. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-8701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-8701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108785884","display_name":"Intermountain Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvr1r74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc S. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","Intermountain Healthcare"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intermountain Healthcare","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108785884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085042140","display_name":"David Leroy Veenstra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-0480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-0480"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David L. Veenstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357630, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357630, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085042140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":4990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98355098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"61","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warfarin","display_name":"warfarin","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenetic-testing","display_name":"pharmacogenetic testing","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp2c9","display_name":"CYP2C9","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vkorc1","display_name":"VKORC1","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticoagulation","display_name":"anticoagulation","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleeding-risk","display_name":"bleeding risk","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thromboembolic-events","display_name":"thromboembolic events","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-normalized-ratio","display_name":"international normalized ratio","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotyping-cost","display_name":"genotyping cost","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-technology-assessment","display_name":"health technology assessment","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-adjusted-life-years","display_name":"quality-adjusted life years","score":0.6959999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170734499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics","level":2,"score":0.7487618923187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778091340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15749950","display_name":"Quality of Life Research","level":3,"score":0.7426058650016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407431","display_name":"Warfarin","level":3,"score":0.7126981019973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.6842547655105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.4705493748188019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4593534469604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776738588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567856","display_name":"Pharmacoeconomics","level":2,"score":0.44276145100593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43649888038635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.354631245136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3486964702606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34307602047920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2952301502227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.21367859840393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1053101122379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.08594149351119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000925","descriptor_name":"Anticoagulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000925","descriptor_name":"Anticoagulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001189","descriptor_name":"Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006291","descriptor_name":"Health Policy","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006291","descriptor_name":"Health Policy","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010597","descriptor_name":"Pharmacogenetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014859","descriptor_name":"Warfarin","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014859","descriptor_name":"Warfarin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017146","descriptor_name":"Models, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019057","descriptor_name":"Quality-Adjusted Life Years","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019934","descriptor_name":"International Normalized Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065729","descriptor_name":"Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43019230","display_name":"PharmacoEconomics","issn_l":"1170-7690","issn":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320330","host_organization_name":"Adis, Springer Healthcare","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320330","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Adis, Springer Healthcare","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PharmacoEconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20014877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20014877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PharmacoEconomics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:pharme:v:28:y:2010:i:1:p:61-74","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2165/11318240-000000000-00000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wkh:phecon:v:28:y:2010:i:1:p:61-74","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://PharmacoEconomics.adisonline.com/pt/re/phe/fulltext.00019053-201028010-00006.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4785357901","display_name":"Risk-Benefit Framework for Genetic Tests","funder_award_id":"1u18gd000005-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9086055","https://openalex.org/W85469694","https://openalex.org/W178008617","https://openalex.org/W1515782956","https://openalex.org/W1537994872","https://openalex.org/W1585955360","https://openalex.org/W1586488555","https://openalex.org/W1785968800","https://openalex.org/W1972388955","https://openalex.org/W1977280638","https://openalex.org/W1994854870","https://openalex.org/W1994894525","https://openalex.org/W2001203546","https://openalex.org/W2001661890","https://openalex.org/W2004337162","https://openalex.org/W2006933225","https://openalex.org/W2014783633","https://openalex.org/W2016935074","https://openalex.org/W2032289591","https://openalex.org/W2039500477","https://openalex.org/W2043674997","https://openalex.org/W2066891536","https://openalex.org/W2067315990","https://openalex.org/W2074663212","https://openalex.org/W2078414845","https://openalex.org/W2079054758","https://openalex.org/W2086161630","https://openalex.org/W2096698984","https://openalex.org/W2105149828","https://openalex.org/W2116656645","https://openalex.org/W2127448855","https://openalex.org/W2130195741","https://openalex.org/W2134820450","https://openalex.org/W2157065952","https://openalex.org/W2164327527","https://openalex.org/W2172150310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135802827","https://openalex.org/W2086724824","https://openalex.org/W2003198400","https://openalex.org/W2162991569","https://openalex.org/W1537994872","https://openalex.org/W2004416552","https://openalex.org/W2026600486","https://openalex.org/W2751477025","https://openalex.org/W2067315990","https://openalex.org/W2137364748"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
