{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058770467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","title":"The Ingelfinger Rule","display_name":"The Ingelfinger Rule","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058770467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","mag":"2058770467","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7452865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058345993","display_name":"Lawrence D. Grouse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence D. Grouse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058345993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.0205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99072266,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"245","issue":"4","first_page":"375","last_page":"375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12648","display_name":"Academic Writing and Publishing","score":0.4196999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12648","display_name":"Academic Writing and Publishing","score":0.4196999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.21860000491142273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13516","display_name":"Publishing and Scholarly Communication","score":0.1914999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-recognition","display_name":"scientific recognition","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nobel-laureates","display_name":"Nobel laureates","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-leadership","display_name":"scientific leadership","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-journal-editors","display_name":"medical journal editors","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118563197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185030","display_name":"Genius","level":2,"score":0.8083823919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.7429168820381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6897168159484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020610715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical science","level":2,"score":0.45551127195358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38664674758911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3630428910255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3363099694252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2486540973186493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.168207049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.13198232650756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.07902103662490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008402","descriptor_name":"Mass Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010380","descriptor_name":"Peer Review","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011643","descriptor_name":"Publishing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014956","descriptor_name":"Writing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1981.03310290043023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.245.4.375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.245.4.375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.245.4.375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7452865","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7452865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/1033060","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1033060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:35848","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002420550","https://openalex.org/W2047076585","https://openalex.org/W2069890410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074426713","https://openalex.org/W4200296677","https://openalex.org/W4407304614","https://openalex.org/W2053698268","https://openalex.org/W2329296968","https://openalex.org/W4232336837","https://openalex.org/W4246816706","https://openalex.org/W2085218440","https://openalex.org/W4244889172","https://openalex.org/W4365504002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"last":[1],"spring's":[2],"national":[3],"clinical":[4],"meetings,":[5],"Jesse":[6],"Roth,":[7],"MD,":[8],"president":[9],"of":[10,59,130,145],"the":[11,34,52,55,76,88,102,123],"American":[12],"Society":[13],"for":[14,84],"Clinical":[15],"Investigation,":[16],"discussed":[17],"a":[18],"study":[19,108],"he":[20],"had":[21,61],"carried":[22],"out.":[23],"Roth":[24],"found":[25],"that":[26,36,75,110,143],"few":[27],"society":[28,77],"members":[29],"were":[30],"Nobel":[31,41],"laureates,":[32],"despite":[33],"fact":[35],"US":[37,56,96,131],"scientists":[38],"have":[39,122],"monopolized":[40],"prizes":[42],"in":[43,66,95,116,136],"medicine":[44],"and":[45,148],"physiology":[46],"since":[47],"World":[48],"War":[49],"II.":[50],"That":[51],"society,":[53],"supposedly":[54],"scientist-internist's":[57],"hall":[58],"fame,":[60],"shown":[62],"such":[63],"limited":[64,134],"ability":[65],"recognizing":[67],"scientific":[68,119],"genius":[69],"was":[70],"most":[71,103],"surprising.":[72],"He":[73],"concluded":[74],"ought":[78],"to":[79,92,114],"recruit":[80],"more":[81],"diverse":[82],"persons":[83],"its":[85],"membership":[86],"if":[87],"organization":[89],"wished":[90],"truly":[91],"represent":[93],"excellence":[94],"medical":[97,146],"science.":[98],"In":[99],"my":[100],"opinion,":[101],"important":[104],"conclusion":[105],"from":[106],"Roth's":[107],"is":[109,112],"it":[111],"difficult":[113],"know":[115],"advance":[117],"which":[118],"work":[120],"will":[121],"greatest":[124],"importance.":[125],"If":[126],"this":[127],"premier":[128],"group":[129],"investigators":[132],"has":[133],"success":[135],"picking":[137],"great":[138],"scientists,":[139],"one":[140],"must":[141],"conclude":[142],"editors":[144],"journals":[147],"their":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}