{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058575484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","title":"An Emergency Department Patient Flow Model Based on Queueing Theory Principles","display_name":"An Emergency Department Patient Flow Model Based on Queueing Theory Principles","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058575484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","mag":"2058575484","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24050801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/acem.12215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/acem.12215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171705774","display_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1069-6563","issn":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/acem.12215","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023249865","display_name":"Jennifer L. Wiler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-6619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-6619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer L. Wiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora CO","Division of Emergency Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Emergency Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019779747","display_name":"Ehsan Bolandifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0573-2916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0573-2916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Bolandifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Decision Science and Managerial Economics; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin NT Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Decision Science and Managerial Economics; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin NT Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043018613","display_name":"Richard Thomas Griffey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-7380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-7380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard T. Griffey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Emergency Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Emergency Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064788750","display_name":"Robert F. Poirier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Poirier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Emergency Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Emergency Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037748694","display_name":"Tava Lennon Olsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-6280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-6280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tava Olsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023249865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94414348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"939","last_page":"946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-crowding","display_name":"emergency department overcrowding","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-flow","display_name":"patient flow","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"queueing theory","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-without-being-seen","display_name":"left without being seen","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-boarding","display_name":"patient boarding","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-duration","display_name":"treatment duration","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stationarity","display_name":"stationarity","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-capacity","display_name":"emergency department capacity","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-duration-reduction","display_name":"treatment time reduction","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triage","display_name":"triage","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7922686338424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.7699315547943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.7558755278587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.6817538738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.39694470167160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3622843623161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.337726354598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15268686413764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000046","descriptor_name":"Academic Medical Centers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006301","descriptor_name":"Health Services Needs and Demand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010343","descriptor_name":"Patient Admission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013598","descriptor_name":"Systems Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014850","descriptor_name":"Waiting Lists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/acem.12215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/acem.12215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171705774","display_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1069-6563","issn":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24050801","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24050801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/acem.12215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12215","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/acem.12215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171705774","display_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1069-6563","issn":["1069-6563","1553-2712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2058575484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2058575484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95756627","https://openalex.org/W1563570708","https://openalex.org/W1594156656","https://openalex.org/W1880943395","https://openalex.org/W1967763722","https://openalex.org/W1969122212","https://openalex.org/W1974365151","https://openalex.org/W1974901955","https://openalex.org/W1981662606","https://openalex.org/W1983315917","https://openalex.org/W1988805691","https://openalex.org/W1989668823","https://openalex.org/W1991475418","https://openalex.org/W1992803797","https://openalex.org/W1995608474","https://openalex.org/W1998013213","https://openalex.org/W2004470420","https://openalex.org/W2006225354","https://openalex.org/W2013642243","https://openalex.org/W2028482935","https://openalex.org/W2030422945","https://openalex.org/W2035021335","https://openalex.org/W2037381859","https://openalex.org/W2038804786","https://openalex.org/W2039357126","https://openalex.org/W2039698234","https://openalex.org/W2047008884","https://openalex.org/W2069133519","https://openalex.org/W2070952076","https://openalex.org/W2072784425","https://openalex.org/W2077825026","https://openalex.org/W2082196875","https://openalex.org/W2087199402","https://openalex.org/W2088819351","https://openalex.org/W2112674395","https://openalex.org/W2115179103","https://openalex.org/W2117853077","https://openalex.org/W2130949601","https://openalex.org/W2133440648","https://openalex.org/W2135607490","https://openalex.org/W2143626226","https://openalex.org/W2157911907","https://openalex.org/W2400561932","https://openalex.org/W2498094064","https://openalex.org/W2977504015","https://openalex.org/W2993170777","https://openalex.org/W4230375107","https://openalex.org/W4230704398","https://openalex.org/W4244913072","https://openalex.org/W6604844527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254959136","https://openalex.org/W7098675683","https://openalex.org/W3121747673","https://openalex.org/W4230375107","https://openalex.org/W7095305088","https://openalex.org/W7171808198","https://openalex.org/W4239339649","https://openalex.org/W7216185023","https://openalex.org/W4413433626","https://openalex.org/W4319339130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"The":[1,112,136,158],"objective":[2],"was":[3,115,139,165,239],"to":[4,39,96,100,177,187,197,277,341,379],"derive":[5],"and":[6,68,118,126,134,148,190,200,207,212,253,362],"validate":[7,380],"a":[8,180,279,294,311,328],"novel":[9,350],"queuing":[10,351],"theory-based":[11,352],"model":[12,99,132,164,353,382],"that":[13],"predicts":[14,354],"the":[15,62,101,106,116,141,163,205,217,232,235,245,267,273,288,305,321,355,366],"effect":[16,142,323,356],"of":[17,109,120,143,160,162,204,228,247,357,368],"various":[18],"patient":[19,23,37,146,249,264,285,318,358],"crowding":[20],"scenarios":[21,150],"on":[22,72,151,324,365],"left":[24],"without":[25],"being":[26],"seen":[27],"(LWBS)":[28],"rates.":[29],"METHODS:":[30],"Retrospective":[31],"data":[32,82],"were":[33,64,83,94,129],"collected":[34],"from":[35,57,266,287,304],"all":[36],"presentations":[38],"triage":[40],"at":[41,372],"an":[42,86,121],"urban,":[43],"academic,":[44],"adult-only":[45],"emergency":[46],"department":[47],"(ED)":[48],"with":[49,79],"87,705":[50],"visits":[51],"in":[52,261,282,301,317,331],"calendar":[53],"year":[54],"2008.":[55],"Data":[56],"specific":[58],"time":[59,81,169,303,309],"windows":[60],"during":[61],"day":[63],"divided":[65],"into":[66],"derivation":[67,117,133],"validation":[69,119],"sets":[70],"based":[71],"odd":[73],"or":[74],"even":[75],"days.":[76],"Patient":[77],"records":[78],"incomplete":[80],"excluded.":[84],"With":[85],"established":[87],"call":[88],"center":[89],"queueing":[90,110],"model,":[91,234],"input":[92],"variables":[93],"modified":[95],"adapt":[97],"this":[98,155,381],"ED":[102,122,145,248,254,263,284,363],"setting,":[103],"while":[104],"satisfying":[105],"underlying":[107],"assumptions":[108],"theory.":[111],"primary":[113,218],"aim":[114,138],"flow":[123],"model.":[124,156],"Chi-square":[125],"Student's":[127],"t-tests":[128],"used":[130],"for":[131,167,201],"validation.":[135],"secondary":[137],"estimating":[140],"varying":[144],"arrival":[147,172,182,192,270,291],"boarding":[149,255,335,364],"LWBS":[152,237,241,275,296,325,343,371],"rates":[153,242,326,344],"using":[154],"RESULTS:":[157],"assumption":[159],"stationarity":[161],"validated":[166],"three":[168],"periods":[170],"(peak":[171],"rate":[173,183,193,238,246,271,276,292,367],"=":[174,184,194,226],"10:00":[175,188,210],"a.m.":[176,186,196,211],"12:00":[178,213],"p.m.;":[179],"moderate":[181],"8:00":[185],"a.m.;":[189],"lowest":[191],"4:00":[195],"6:00":[198],"a.m.)":[199],"different":[202],"days":[203],"week":[206],"month.":[208],"Between":[209],"p.m.,":[214],"defined":[215],"as":[216,244,327],"study":[219],"period":[220],"representing":[221],"peak":[222],"arrivals,":[223,250,359],"3.9%":[224],"(n":[225],"4,038)":[227],"patients":[229,369],"LWBS.":[230,313],"Using":[231],"derived":[233],"predicted":[236,274,293,310],"4%.":[240],"increased":[243,272],"treatment":[251,302,308,332,360],"times,":[252],"times":[256,336],"increased.":[257],"A":[258,298,314],"10%":[259,280,338],"increase":[260,316,330],"hourly":[262,283],"arrivals":[265,286,319],"observed":[268,289,306],"average":[269,290,307],"10.8%;":[278],"decrease":[281,300],"1.6%":[295],"rate.":[297],"30-minute":[299],"1.4%":[312],"1%":[315,329],"has":[320],"same":[322],"time.":[333],"Reducing":[334],"by":[337,345],"is":[339],"expected":[340],"reduce":[342],"approximately":[346],"0.8%.":[347],"CONCLUSIONS:":[348],"This":[349],"time,":[361],"who":[370],"one":[373],"institution.":[374],"More":[375],"studies":[376],"are":[377],"needed":[378],"across":[383],"other":[384],"institutions.":[385]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}