{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058217787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010934","title":"The Proliferation of Brands: The Case of Food in Belgium, 1890-1940","display_name":"The Proliferation of Brands: The Case of Food in Belgium, 1890-1940","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058217787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010934","mag":"2058217787","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1467222700010934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16035445","display_name":"Enterprise & Society","issn_l":"1467-2227","issn":["1467-2227","1467-2235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038548621","display_name":"Patricia Van den Eeckhout","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Van Den Eeckhout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Sciences and FOST (Social and Cultural Food Studies), Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Pleinlaan 5, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:","Vrije Universiteit Brussel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Sciences and FOST (Social and Cultural Food Studies), Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Pleinlaan 5, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018816122","display_name":"Peter Scholliers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-2544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-2544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Scholliers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History and FOST (Social and Cultural Food Studies), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:","Social-cultural food-research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History and FOST (Social and Cultural Food Studies), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social-cultural food-research","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88730354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand","display_name":"brand","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-proliferation","display_name":"brand proliferation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-industry","display_name":"food industry","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-goods","display_name":"consumer goods","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-management","display_name":"brand management","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-variety","display_name":"product variety","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"advertising","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"reputation","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-loyalty","display_name":"customer loyalty","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-history","display_name":"brand history","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belgium","display_name":"Belgium","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.663236677646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.6492457389831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6295597553253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.626405656337738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780144342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900653","display_name":"Brand loyalty","level":2,"score":0.5869964361190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5786842107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776967331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132131","display_name":"Loyalty","level":2,"score":0.5624626278877258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.5608500242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46568384766578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57375061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453181","display_name":"Brand management","level":2,"score":0.4300583004951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.37632808089256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1497531235218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07468420267105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000329","descriptor_name":"Advertising","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000329","descriptor_name":"Advertising","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001530","descriptor_name":"Belgium","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005523","descriptor_name":"Food Supply","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005523","descriptor_name":"Food Supply","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005523","descriptor_name":"Food Supply","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012922","descriptor_name":"Social Change","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018857","descriptor_name":"Food Packaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018857","descriptor_name":"Food Packaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018857","descriptor_name":"Food Packaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040541","descriptor_name":"Marketing","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040541","descriptor_name":"Marketing","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040541","descriptor_name":"Marketing","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040541","descriptor_name":"Marketing","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1467222700010934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16035445","display_name":"Enterprise & Society","issn_l":"1467-2227","issn":["1467-2227","1467-2235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1093/es/khr040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/es/khr040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/es/khr040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16035445","display_name":"Enterprise & Society","issn_l":"1467-2227","issn":["1467-2227","1467-2235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22512047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise & society","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmid:22662350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22662350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise & society","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/467926","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/467926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:69812","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/the-proliferation-of-brands-the-case-of-food-in-belgium-18901940(7870a4db-7274-40fd-b195-82aafba82cd7).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37511333","https://openalex.org/W44232464","https://openalex.org/W87177289","https://openalex.org/W124864208","https://openalex.org/W188185857","https://openalex.org/W562440010","https://openalex.org/W608369672","https://openalex.org/W623664425","https://openalex.org/W633744511","https://openalex.org/W636421979","https://openalex.org/W855025944","https://openalex.org/W1481306963","https://openalex.org/W1489636696","https://openalex.org/W1490058783","https://openalex.org/W1493139420","https://openalex.org/W1521515539","https://openalex.org/W1522835232","https://openalex.org/W1544692241","https://openalex.org/W1549650319","https://openalex.org/W1550937871","https://openalex.org/W1552947027","https://openalex.org/W1834623101","https://openalex.org/W1992106426","https://openalex.org/W2003020196","https://openalex.org/W2019571151","https://openalex.org/W2037264795","https://openalex.org/W2038828803","https://openalex.org/W2046500889","https://openalex.org/W2061392338","https://openalex.org/W2063869633","https://openalex.org/W2065349495","https://openalex.org/W2067242976","https://openalex.org/W2080157101","https://openalex.org/W2083872772","https://openalex.org/W2085196466","https://openalex.org/W2100478554","https://openalex.org/W2144106839","https://openalex.org/W2162799114","https://openalex.org/W2164110771","https://openalex.org/W2292466779","https://openalex.org/W2313153483","https://openalex.org/W2315812098","https://openalex.org/W2318094372","https://openalex.org/W2333958322","https://openalex.org/W2487140747","https://openalex.org/W2504284870","https://openalex.org/W2520195318","https://openalex.org/W2522078062","https://openalex.org/W2533030628","https://openalex.org/W2749851324","https://openalex.org/W2797444411","https://openalex.org/W2902810793","https://openalex.org/W2903454687","https://openalex.org/W4214713963","https://openalex.org/W4231801153","https://openalex.org/W4240863881","https://openalex.org/W4250522937","https://openalex.org/W6699020248","https://openalex.org/W6750595210","https://openalex.org/W6756627138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163907120","https://openalex.org/W7003488201","https://openalex.org/W2003020196","https://openalex.org/W3094897333","https://openalex.org/W7221520054","https://openalex.org/W2797624256","https://openalex.org/W2067242976","https://openalex.org/W7135075361","https://openalex.org/W2144197317","https://openalex.org/W7098751543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"brands":[1,17,33,83],"are":[2,44],"inescapable.":[3],"Economists":[4],"and":[5,18,29,37,95,104],"marketing":[6],"experts":[7],"trace":[8],"this":[9],"pervasive":[10],"presence":[11],"back":[12],"to":[13,21,88],"the":[14,57,64,67,72,77,100],"1980s":[15],"when":[16],"branding":[19],"seemed":[20],"promise":[22],"new,":[23],"crucial":[24],"assets":[25],"for":[26,71],"both":[27],"producers":[28],"consumers.":[30],"Of":[31],"course,":[32],"existed":[34],"much":[35,105],"earlier,":[36],"although":[38],"some":[39],"authors":[40],"claim":[41],"that":[42,53],"\u201cbrands":[43],"as":[45,47],"old":[46],"known":[48],"civilization,\u201d":[49],"most":[50],"researchers":[51],"accept":[52],"they":[54],"burgeoned":[55],"with":[56],"coming":[58],"of":[59,82,102],"large":[60],"consumer-goods\u2013oriented":[61],"factories":[62],"in":[63,76],"1870s,":[65],"generating":[66],"\u201cfirst":[68],"golden":[69],"era":[70],"modern":[73],"brand":[74,92],"mark\u201d":[75],"1890s.":[78],"The":[79],"recent":[80],"success":[81],"has":[84],"stimulated":[85],"historians'":[86],"attention":[87],"product":[89],"variety,":[90],"advertisements,":[91],"management,":[93],"firms'":[94],"products'":[96],"reputations,":[97],"consumer":[98],"loyalty,":[99],"significance":[101],"brands,":[103],"more.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}