{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057951995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","title":"How Compelling is Compulsory Voting? A Multilevel Analysis of Turnout","display_name":"How Compelling is Compulsory Voting? A Multilevel Analysis of Turnout","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057951995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","mag":"2057951995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110036823","display_name":"Political Behavior","issn_l":"0190-9320","issn":["0190-9320","1573-6687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032906097","display_name":"Shane P. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-5281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-5281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shane Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, Department of Political Science, McGill University, Room 414, Leacock Building, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H3A 2T7, Canada","Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, Department of Political Science, McGill University, Room 414, Leacock Building, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H3A 2T7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032906097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98257674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compulsory-voting","display_name":"compulsory voting","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-turnout","display_name":"voter turnout","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-voting","display_name":"voluntary voting","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-efficacy","display_name":"political efficacy","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779838221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7856080","display_name":"Turnout","level":4,"score":0.9713923931121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.7462401390075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5808886885643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5570961833000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5407836437225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5196886658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4929218292236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.46633386611938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3827797770500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3803994655609131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3263276219367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3219802677631378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13246718049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06621107459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-010-9107-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110036823","display_name":"Political Behavior","issn_l":"0190-9320","issn":["0190-9320","1573-6687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W422945158","https://openalex.org/W1527899440","https://openalex.org/W1532011672","https://openalex.org/W1586508260","https://openalex.org/W1595743797","https://openalex.org/W1606420731","https://openalex.org/W1925504877","https://openalex.org/W1965158842","https://openalex.org/W1970113817","https://openalex.org/W1971334151","https://openalex.org/W1977825494","https://openalex.org/W1991770505","https://openalex.org/W2002846354","https://openalex.org/W2014943900","https://openalex.org/W2018884704","https://openalex.org/W2030399223","https://openalex.org/W2031496465","https://openalex.org/W2036365749","https://openalex.org/W2057970462","https://openalex.org/W2086365029","https://openalex.org/W2105473974","https://openalex.org/W2112987370","https://openalex.org/W2113723352","https://openalex.org/W2124419777","https://openalex.org/W2125202429","https://openalex.org/W2137473022","https://openalex.org/W2151063492","https://openalex.org/W2156257631","https://openalex.org/W2168661258","https://openalex.org/W2317356678","https://openalex.org/W2614657806","https://openalex.org/W3124921250","https://openalex.org/W3216307858","https://openalex.org/W4211071219","https://openalex.org/W4213458873","https://openalex.org/W4233957991","https://openalex.org/W4248075631","https://openalex.org/W4250130736","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300132280","https://openalex.org/W4388314462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172182789","https://openalex.org/W7163581687","https://openalex.org/W3080954068","https://openalex.org/W6980688844","https://openalex.org/W2524535094","https://openalex.org/W4309938065","https://openalex.org/W2002846354","https://openalex.org/W2724576427","https://openalex.org/W4221118840","https://openalex.org/W2487742600"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}