{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057793182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","title":"CONVEX COSTS AND THE MERGER PARADOX REVISITED","display_name":"CONVEX COSTS AND THE MERGER PARADOX REVISITED","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057793182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","mag":"2057793182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206615888","display_name":"Economic Inquiry","issn_l":"0043-3640","issn":["0043-3640","0095-2583","1465-7295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038709433","display_name":"John S. Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-2462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-2462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JOHN S. HEYWOOD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heywood: Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone (414) 229-4310,","Many of the results in this study were derived in MAPLE8, and the programs are available from the authors upon request","Heywood: Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone 414\u2010229\u20104310, Fax 414\u2010229\u20105915,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heywood: Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone (414) 229-4310,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Many of the results in this study were derived in MAPLE8, and the programs are available from the authors upon request","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heywood: Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone 414\u2010229\u20104310, Fax 414\u2010229\u20105915,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051931696","display_name":"Matthew McGinty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9075-1777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9075-1777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MATTHEW MCGINTY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Many of the results in this study were derived in MAPLE8, and the programs are available from the authors upon request","McGinty: Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone (414) 229-6146,","McGinty: Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone (414) 229\u20106146, Fax (414) 229\u20105915,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Many of the results in this study were derived in MAPLE8, and the programs are available from the authors upon request","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGinty: Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone (414) 229-6146,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGinty: Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Phone (414) 229\u20106146, Fax (414) 229\u20105915,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038709433","https://openalex.org/A5051931696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1344,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97232529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"342","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merger-paradox","display_name":"merger paradox","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-cost-functions","display_name":"convex cost functions","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mergers","display_name":"mergers","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-share","display_name":"market share","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-rider-problem","display_name":"free-rider problem","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merger-profitability","display_name":"merger profitability","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.766416072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.601555347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5389580726623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.458700567483902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4498540163040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44750720262527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42489105463027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19753846526145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17244985699653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.1304655373096466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206615888","display_name":"Economic Inquiry","issn_l":"0043-3640","issn":["0043-3640","0095-2583","1465-7295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:ecinqu:v:45:y:2007:i:2:p:342-349","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00010.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/7967caf5-2b67-4232-95f3-347c11443c95","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/7967caf5-2b67-4232-95f3-347c11443c95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heywood, J & McGinty, M 2007, 'Convex costs and the merger paradox revisited', Economic Inquiry, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 342-349.","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489741075","https://openalex.org/W1515926586","https://openalex.org/W1538409113","https://openalex.org/W1602995566","https://openalex.org/W1607620689","https://openalex.org/W1973465373","https://openalex.org/W1991009982","https://openalex.org/W2002145116","https://openalex.org/W2025423544","https://openalex.org/W2029874411","https://openalex.org/W2033067651","https://openalex.org/W2046341612","https://openalex.org/W2046347587","https://openalex.org/W2047029967","https://openalex.org/W2047975059","https://openalex.org/W2065459890","https://openalex.org/W2087308246","https://openalex.org/W2093137993","https://openalex.org/W2128335127","https://openalex.org/W2156261853","https://openalex.org/W2166255197","https://openalex.org/W3121164579","https://openalex.org/W3123407343","https://openalex.org/W3125036704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580040552","https://openalex.org/W1965652108","https://openalex.org/W2802928042","https://openalex.org/W2025423544","https://openalex.org/W2145904808","https://openalex.org/W4386303597","https://openalex.org/W2278048375","https://openalex.org/W1982311942","https://openalex.org/W2116377110","https://openalex.org/W7098922699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Returning":[0],"to":[1,10,29,34,92],"the":[2,11,22,46,54,71,84,93],"contention":[3],"that":[4,16,35,70],"convex":[5,41,60,87],"costs":[6,42,61,88],"provide":[7],"a":[8,64,74,90],"resolution":[9,91],"merger":[12,28,55,67,94],"paradox,":[13],"we":[14,58],"show":[15],"for":[17,27],"reasonable":[18],"degrees":[19],"of":[20,53,77,86],"convexity,":[21],"minimum":[23],"market":[24],"share":[25,76],"needed":[26],"be":[30],"profitable":[31],"remains":[32],"close":[33],"associated":[36],"with":[37],"linear":[38],"costs.":[39],"Moreover,":[40],"do":[43],"not":[44],"eliminate":[45],"free":[47],"rider":[48],"problem":[49],"identified":[50],"as":[51,89],"part":[52],"paradox.":[56,95],"Finally,":[57],"retain":[59],"while":[62],"modeling":[63],"firm\u2010by\u2010firm":[65],"sequential":[66],"process,":[68],"showing":[69],"paradox":[72],"constrains":[73],"larger":[75],"potential":[78],"mergers.":[79],"These":[80],"findings":[81],"help":[82],"reduce":[83],"relevance":[85],"(JEL":[96],"L12,":[97],"L13)":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}