{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057788652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000194094","title":"On the Pathogenesis of Isocyanate-Induced Asthma","display_name":"On the Pathogenesis of Isocyanate-Induced Asthma","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057788652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000194094","mag":"2057788652","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/231808"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000194094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000194094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000194094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121535265","display_name":"Respiration","issn_l":"0025-7931","issn":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Respiration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068338229","display_name":"Xaver Baur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-1220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-1220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Baur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonologische Abteilung (Leiter: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Medizinischen Klinik I (Direktor: Prof. G. Riecker), Klinikum Grosshadern, und Institut und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin (Direktor: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonologische Abteilung (Leiter: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Medizinischen Klinik I (Direktor: Prof. G. Riecker), Klinikum Grosshadern, und Institut und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin (Direktor: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087315494","display_name":"Horst R\u00f6mmelt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. R\u00f6mmelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulmonologische Abteilung (Leiter: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Medizinischen Klinik I (Direktor: Prof. G. Riecker), Klinikum Grosshadern, und Institut und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin (Direktor: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonologische Abteilung (Leiter: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Medizinischen Klinik I (Direktor: Prof. G. Riecker), Klinikum Grosshadern, und Institut und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin (Direktor: Prof. G. Fruhmann) der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109250291","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Fruhmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Fruhmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66676053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"289","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-asthma","display_name":"occupational asthma","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-resistance","display_name":"airway resistance","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhalation-challenge","display_name":"inhalation challenge","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-mechanisms","display_name":"allergic mechanisms","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isocyanate-toxicity","display_name":"isocyanate toxicity","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9145528078079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780534471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408365","display_name":"Isocyanate","level":3,"score":0.774324357509613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840343","display_name":"Inhalation","level":2,"score":0.646990954875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16020263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778553","display_name":"DLCO","level":5,"score":0.6234428882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.5518435835838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.5319923162460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207480886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42982","display_name":"Allergy","level":2,"score":0.5031542181968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.37169480323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.33142122626304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3150554299354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.19592741131782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165637977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067835","display_name":"Diffusing capacity","level":4,"score":0.13883373141288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779578285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146322","display_name":"Polyurethane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung function","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003485","descriptor_name":"Cyanates","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009784","descriptor_name":"Occupational Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009784","descriptor_name":"Occupational Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011852","descriptor_name":"Radioallergosorbent Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012129","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Function Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014051","descriptor_name":"Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014051","descriptor_name":"Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000194094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000194094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000194094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121535265","display_name":"Respiration","issn_l":"0025-7931","issn":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Respiration","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:231808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/231808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002122451","https://openalex.org/W2078240203","https://openalex.org/W2005383817","https://openalex.org/W2071120040","https://openalex.org/W2069741272","https://openalex.org/W2086810918","https://openalex.org/W2020646398","https://openalex.org/W2040242685","https://openalex.org/W174701517","https://openalex.org/W2139459824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3":[0,85],"asthmatic":[1,72],"patients,":[2],"occupationally":[3],"exposed":[4],"to":[5,15,22,86,112],"vapors":[6],"of":[7,18,45,60,70,84,98,118],"toluylene":[8],"diisocyanate":[9],"(TDI),":[10],"responded":[11],"with":[12],"a":[13,82,95],"moderate":[14],"strong":[16],"elevation":[17],"airway":[19],"resistance":[20],"up":[21,111],"the":[23,46,71],"26th":[24],"h":[25],"after":[26],"inhalation":[27],"challenge":[28],"by":[29,54],"0.006--0.02":[30],"ppm":[31],"TDI.":[32],"No":[33],"changes":[34],"in":[35,39,63,66,75],"chest":[36],"radiographs":[37],"and":[38,56,89,105],"DLCO":[40],"were":[41,115],"found.":[42],"In":[43],"none":[44],"patients'":[47],"sera,":[48],"isocyanate-specific":[49],"antibodies":[50],"could":[51],"be":[52],"detected":[53],"RAST":[55],"Ouchterlony":[57],"test.":[58],"Change":[59],"job":[61],"resulted":[62],"one":[64],"case":[65],"an":[67,106],"immediate":[68],"interruption":[69],"symptoms,":[73],"whereas":[74],"2":[76],"patients":[77],"recovery":[78],"was":[79],"slow":[80],"over":[81],"period":[83],"8":[87],"months":[88],"not":[90],"complete.":[91],"Our":[92],"investigations":[93],"suggest":[94],"toxic":[96],"effect":[97],"isocyanates,":[99],"which":[100],"depends":[101],"on":[102],"their":[103],"concentrations,":[104],"important":[107],"pharmacological":[108],"reaction;":[109],"but,":[110],"now,":[113],"there":[114],"no":[116],"signs":[117],"allergic":[119],"mechanisms.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}