{"id":"https://openalex.org/W205778463","doi":null,"title":"The Hydraulics of Campaign Finance Reform","display_name":"The Hydraulics of Campaign Finance Reform","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W205778463","mag":"205778463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:205778463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-43773964/the-hydraulics-of-campaign-finance-reform","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105204244","display_name":"Texas law review","issn_l":"0040-4411","issn":["0040-4411","1942-857X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383849094","host_organization_name":"Texas Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383849094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Texas Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Texas law review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024261994","display_name":"Samuel Issacharoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Issacharoff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065046100","display_name":"Pamela S. Karlan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela S. Karlan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94284808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"7","first_page":"1705","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.16750000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.04190000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-finance-reform","display_name":"campaign finance reform","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-finance","display_name":"campaign finance","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buckley-v-valeo","display_name":"Buckley v. Valeo","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-amendment","display_name":"First Amendment","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-regulation","display_name":"political regulation","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-in-politics","display_name":"money in politics","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-reform","display_name":"electoral reform","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-motion","display_name":"political motion","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-momentum","display_name":"political momentum","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780883770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352232","display_name":"Campaign finance","level":3,"score":0.7294230461120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7116382122039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.6681693196296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777070848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307387","display_name":"Reform Act","level":2,"score":0.6613683700561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5962035655975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779910420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476310","display_name":"Gerrymandering","level":4,"score":0.535394012928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533735693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204886","display_name":"Federalism","level":3,"score":0.47533679008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.47112178802490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46441763639450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.4505414068698883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.4300522208213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781381931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810004","display_name":"Election law","level":4,"score":0.42489057779312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4155581295490265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.34911850094795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.2878129780292511}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:205778463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-43773964/the-hydraulics-of-campaign-finance-reform","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105204244","display_name":"Texas law review","issn_l":"0040-4411","issn":["0040-4411","1942-857X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383849094","host_organization_name":"Texas Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383849094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Texas Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Texas law review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250522833","https://openalex.org/W6997424653","https://openalex.org/W4235600375","https://openalex.org/W2735234952","https://openalex.org/W4407752721","https://openalex.org/W2539093730","https://openalex.org/W3120731155","https://openalex.org/W4409506153","https://openalex.org/W7036315571","https://openalex.org/W2022537075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electoral":[0],"reform":[1,47,214,264,349,548,617],"is":[2,99,247,251,265,611],"a":[3,17,37,41,54,68,150,365,369,404,410,428,522],"graveyard":[4],"of":[5,20,44,57,79,110,135,143,154,160,170,174,182,187,198,216,223,287,293,331,347,358,368,377,470,484,567,605,609],"well-intentioned":[6],"plans":[7],"gone":[8],"awry.":[9],"It":[10],"doesn't":[11],"take":[12],"an":[13,111],"Einstein":[14],"to":[15,39,49,63,83,139,147,179,235,311,391,400,418,435,453,489,504,512,531,596,612],"discern":[16],"First":[18,319],"Law":[19,43],"Political":[21,45],"Thermodynamics-the":[22],"desire":[23],"for":[24,149,164,172,231,274,547,577,616],"political":[25,51,97,184,359,381,438,487,499,537,599],"power":[26,62],"cannot":[27],"be":[28,290,597],"destroyed,":[29],"but":[30],"at":[31],"most,":[32],"channeled":[33],"into":[34],"different":[35,412],"forms-nor":[36],"Newton":[38],"identify":[40],"Third":[42],"Motion-every":[46],"effort":[48],"constrain":[50],"actors":[52],"produces":[53],"corresponding":[55,280],"series":[56],"reactions":[58],"by":[59,227],"those":[60],"with":[61,271,301,317,342,572],"hold":[64],"onto":[65],"it.":[66,206],"Consider":[67],"few":[69],"simple":[70],"examples.":[71],"The":[72,545,603],"Supreme":[73],"Court":[74],"finally":[75],"broke":[76],"the":[77,80,86,96,108,122,126,131,141,157,180,196,212,217,244,294,318,322,332,335,343,355,374,378,384,420,443,457,460,468,477,482,491,497,543,552,557,565,579,591,614],"lockhold":[78],"self-interested":[81],"refusal":[82],"redistrict":[84],"in":[85,200,334,354,472,585],"landmark":[87],"Baker":[88],"and":[89,103,130,146,167,276,279,303,306,310,388,448,486,588],"Reynolds":[90],"decisions.'":[91],"Three":[92],"decades":[93],"later,":[94],"however,":[95,209],"gerrymander":[98],"not":[100],"only":[101,364],"alive":[102],"well;":[104],"it":[105,518],"has":[106,177],"assumed":[107],"role":[109,197,469,584],"institutionalized":[112],"industry":[113,270],"that":[114,248,386,554,598],"seems":[115],"largely":[116,352],"immune":[117],"from":[118,194,507,551,618],"substantive":[119],"review.2":[120],"Similarly,":[121],"Court's":[123],"jurisprudence":[124],"under":[125],"Equal":[127],"Protection":[128],"Clause3":[129],"Voting":[132],"Rights":[133],"Act":[134,221],"19654":[136],"was":[137],"intended":[138],"dampen":[140],"effect":[142,159],"racial":[144,191],"polarization":[145],"allow":[148],"more":[151,252,254,257,344,510,523,534],"inclusive":[152],"system":[153],"representation.":[155],"But":[156,560],"combined":[158],"searching":[161],"judicial":[162],"review":[163,171],"race-based":[165],"claims":[166,173],"muted":[168],"standards":[169],"partisan":[175],"exclusion":[176],"led":[178],"recasting":[181],"essentially":[183],"challenges":[185],"born":[186],"electoral":[188,348,492,558],"frustration":[189],"as":[190,225,327],"ones.5":[192],"Far":[193,506],"diminishing":[195],"race":[199],"politics,":[201],"current":[202,461],"doctrine":[203],"may":[204,463,479,516],"exacerbate":[205,496],"No":[207],"area,":[208],"can":[210,289],"top":[211],"aborted":[213],"agenda":[215],"Federal":[218],"Election":[219],"Campaign":[220,262],"Amendments":[222],"1974,6":[224],"truncated":[226],"Buckley":[228,302],"v.":[229],"Valeo,'":[230],"their":[232,361,402],"paradoxical":[233],"ability":[234],"bring":[236],"about":[237,282,297],"perverse":[238],"consequences.":[239],"A":[240],"quarter-century":[241],"after":[242],"FECA,":[243],"conventional":[245],"view":[246],"American":[249],"politics":[250,288,509],"vacuous,":[253],"money":[255,385,439,471,538,555,600],"driven,":[256],"locked":[258],"up":[259],"than":[260,423,466],"ever.8":[261],"finance":[263,299,337],"now":[266],"its":[267,304,540],"own":[268],"cottage":[269],"innumerable":[272],"proposals":[273,362,462],"statutory":[275],"constitutional":[277,425],"change":[278],"debates":[281],"how":[283,536],"some":[284],"immaculate":[285],"vision":[286],"forged.9":[291],"Most":[292],"legal-academic":[295],"debate":[296,323,338],"campaign":[298,336],"begins":[300],"progeny":[305],"focuses":[307],"on":[308,393,564,582],"whether":[309],"what":[312],"extent":[313],"additional":[314,574],"regulation":[315],"comports":[316],"Amendment.'o":[320],"Unfortunately,":[321],"often":[324],"stops":[325],"there":[326],"well.":[328],"Because":[329],"many":[330],"participants":[333],"are":[339,351,502,570],"relatively":[340],"unfamiliar":[341],"general":[345],"history":[346],"or":[350,397],"uninterested":[353],"practical":[356],"details":[357],"regulation,":[360],"offer":[363],"static":[366],"analysis":[367],"dynamic":[370],"process.":[371,559],"They":[372],"ignore":[373],"central":[375],"lesson":[376],"post-Watergate":[379],"experience:":[380],"money-that":[382],"is,":[383],"individuals":[387],"groups":[389],"wish":[390],"spend":[392],"persuading":[394],"voters,":[395],"candidates,":[396],"public":[398],"officials":[399],"support":[401],"interests-is":[403],"moving":[405],"target.":[406],"This":[407],"article":[408],"takes":[409],"sharply":[411],"tack,":[413],"heeding":[414],"Deep":[415,526],"Throat's":[416,527],"advice":[417,432],"follow":[419],"money'":[421],"rather":[422,465],"grand":[424],"principles.":[426],"On":[427,521],"pragmatic":[429],"level,":[430,525],"such":[431],"leads":[433],"us":[434,530],"ask":[436],"where":[437],"will":[440],"go":[441],"if":[442],"reformers":[444],"succeed.":[445],"Both":[446],"logic":[447],"past":[449],"experience":[450],"provide":[451],"reason":[452],"worry":[454],"that,":[455],"once":[456],"dust":[458],"settles,":[459],"increase,":[464],"dampen,":[467],"politics.'2":[473],"Even":[474],"worse,":[475],"because":[476],"reforms":[478],"further":[480],"undermine":[481],"capacity":[483],"candidates":[485,587],"parties":[488],"shape":[490],"agenda,":[493],"they":[494,501,515],"could":[495],"very":[498],"pathologies":[500],"designed":[503],"combat.'3":[505],"making":[508],"accountable":[511],"democratic":[513],"control,":[514],"make":[517],"less":[519],"so.":[520],"fundamental":[524],"admonition":[528],"bids":[529],"trace":[532],"far":[533],"precisely":[535],"works":[539],"way":[541],"through":[542],"system.":[544],"calls":[546],"all":[549,578],"stem":[550],"assertion":[553],"corrupts":[556,601],"when":[561],"we":[562,569],"press":[563],"concept":[566],"corruption,":[568],"faced":[571],"two":[573],"paradoxes.":[575],"First,":[576],"rhetorical":[580],"focus":[581],"money's":[583],"corrupting":[586],"elected":[589],"officials,":[590],"critical":[592],"problem":[593],"turns":[594],"out":[595],"voters.4":[602],"consequence":[604],"this":[606],"thicker":[607],"account":[608],"corruption":[610],"prevent":[613],"case":[615],"being":[619],"made":[620],"along":[621],"purely":[622],"egalitarian":[623],"lines.":[624],"\u2026":[625]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
