{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057723377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","title":"Enhanced B7 Costimulatory Molecule Expression In Inflammatory Human Sural Nerve Biopsies","display_name":"Enhanced B7 Costimulatory Molecule Expression In Inflammatory Human Sural Nerve Biopsies","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057723377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","mag":"2057723377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91695523","display_name":"Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System","issn_l":"1085-9489","issn":["1085-9489","1529-8027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018441940","display_name":"R Kiefer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767969","display_name":"BMJ Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5x8198","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969","https://openalex.org/I83240208"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Kiefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010771032","display_name":"Fernando Dangond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-4229","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-4229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767969","display_name":"BMJ Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5x8198","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969","https://openalex.org/I83240208"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Dangond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113490637","display_name":"Mark Mueller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767969","display_name":"BMJ Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5x8198","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969","https://openalex.org/I83240208"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111606129","display_name":"KV Toyka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767969","display_name":"BMJ Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5x8198","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969","https://openalex.org/I83240208"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KV Toyka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004216670","display_name":"David A. Hafler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-535X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-535X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-3922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767969","display_name":"BMJ Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5x8198","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969","https://openalex.org/I83240208"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DA Hafler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078101216","display_name":"HP Hartung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767969","display_name":"BMJ Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m5x8198","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969","https://openalex.org/I83240208"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HP Hartung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 69: 362\u2013368, 2000. Reprinted with permission from the British Medical Journal Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767969"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16042369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11735","display_name":"Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11735","display_name":"Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12331","display_name":"Hereditary Neurological Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd80","display_name":"CD80","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd86","display_name":"CD86","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/costimulatory-molecules","display_name":"costimulatory molecules","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sural-nerve","display_name":"sural nerve","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-nerve-inflammation","display_name":"peripheral nerve inflammation","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroborreliosis","display_name":"neuroborreliosis","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guillain-barre-syndrome","display_name":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyradiculoneuropathy","display_name":"chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-presentation","display_name":"antigen presentation","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-response","display_name":"Th1 response","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-mediated-neuropathy","display_name":"autoimmune neuropathy","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hereditary-neuropathy","display_name":"hereditary neuropathy","score":0.7279999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777147708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819124","display_name":"Neuroborreliosis","level":4,"score":0.8807258605957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779867792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088030","display_name":"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","level":3,"score":0.8318434953689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780923182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6135922","display_name":"Sural nerve","level":2,"score":0.7319045066833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35866371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6005502","display_name":"Immunocytochemistry","level":2,"score":0.6681044101715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6518943309783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.606803834438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4762178361415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.2862064838409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723634","display_name":"Borrelia burgdorferi","level":3,"score":0.1608940064907074}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01008-15.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91695523","display_name":"Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System","issn_l":"1085-9489","issn":["1085-9489","1529-8027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017187068","https://openalex.org/W2086235674","https://openalex.org/W2015647960","https://openalex.org/W1991180655","https://openalex.org/W2065999598","https://openalex.org/W1983452537","https://openalex.org/W2029834114","https://openalex.org/W2055572852","https://openalex.org/W1972011999","https://openalex.org/W1999381299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives\u2010To":[0],"define":[1],"the":[2,5,15,30,124,147,247,261,273,287,296],"role":[3],"of":[4,14,32,80,104,109,114,140,152,168,174,182,264,275,289],"costimulatory":[6],"molecules":[7,20,243],"B7\u20101":[8,81,153,195,278],"and":[9,27,45,67,70,82,85,94,111,127,130,143,161,172,207,213,220,230,235,251,255],"B7\u20102":[10,83,218,281],"in":[11,101,106,123,134,157,166,201,205,228,246,258,272],"inflammatory":[12,61],"disorders":[13],"peripheral":[16,248,276],"nervous":[17,249],"system.":[18],"B7":[19],"are":[21,244],"essential":[22],"for":[23],"effective":[24],"antigen":[25,269],"presentation":[26],"may":[28],"determine":[29],"differentiation":[31],"T":[33,292],"cells":[34,271],"into":[35],"a":[36,135,290],"Th\u20101":[37],"or":[38,163],"Th\u20102":[39],"phenotype,":[40],"thus":[41],"modulating":[42],"immune":[43],"response":[44,294],"disease":[46],"course.":[47],"Methods\u2010Forty":[48],"nine":[49],"sural":[50],"nerve":[51],"biopsies":[52,129],"from":[53,239],"patients":[54],"with":[55,72],"neuroborreliosis,":[56,105,194],"Guillain\u2010Barre":[57],"syndrome":[58],"(GBS),":[59],"chronic":[60],"demyelinating":[62],"polyneuropathy":[63],"(CIDP),":[64],"CIDP":[65,128,176],"variants":[66],"hereditary":[68,141],"neuropathies,":[69],"those":[71],"no":[73],"detectable":[74],"abnormality":[75],"were":[76,121,131,222,236],"investigated.":[77],"The":[78],"expression":[79,151,165],"mRNA":[84,97,219],"protein":[86,154,196,221],"was":[87,98,155,190,197,210],"investigated":[88],"by":[89],"polymerase":[90],"chain":[91],"reaction":[92],"(PCR)":[93],"immunocytochemistry.":[95],"Results\u2010B7\u20101":[96],"strongly":[99],"upregulated":[100],"both":[102,158],"cases":[103,108,171,177],"two":[107],"GBS":[110,126,170],"one":[112,181],"case":[113],"variant":[115],"CIDP.":[116],"Moderate":[117],"to":[118,215],"low":[119,164,226],"levels":[120,227],"detected":[122],"remaining":[125],"rarely":[132],"found":[133,156,198],"noninflammatory":[136,240],"control":[137,185],"group":[138],"consisting":[139],"neuropathy":[142,233],"normal":[144],"nerves.":[145],"At":[146],"immunocytochemical":[148],"level,":[149],"strong":[150],"neuroborreliosis":[159,229],"cases,":[160,234],"moderate":[162],"six":[167],"eight":[169],"seven":[173],"17":[175],"investigated,":[178],"whereas":[179,204],"only":[180,224],"five":[183],"non\u2010inflammatory":[184],"nerves":[186],"showed":[187],"staining,":[188],"which":[189],"very":[191,199],"weak.":[192],"In":[193],"pronounced":[200],"epineurial":[202],"infiltrates,":[203],"CBS":[206],"CIDP,":[208],"labelling":[209],"predominantly":[211],"endoneurial":[212,265],"localised":[214],"putative":[216,262],"macrophages.":[217],"expressed":[223,245],"at":[225],"selected":[231],"autoimmune":[232],"essentially":[237],"absent":[238],"controls.":[241],"Conclusions\u2010B7":[242],"system":[250],"regulated":[252],"during":[253],"disease,":[254],"their":[256],"presence":[257],"macrophages":[259,266],"underlines":[260],"function":[263],"as":[267],"local":[268],"presenting":[270],"immunopathology":[274],"nerve.":[277,297],"rather":[279],"than":[280],"is":[282],"preferentially":[283],"upregulated,":[284],"possibly":[285],"promoting":[286],"induction":[288],"Th\u20101\u2010type":[291],"cell":[293],"within":[295]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
