{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057600780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120029734","title":"Optimal Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization for a Winter Wheat-Corn Cropping System in Northern China","display_name":"Optimal Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization for a Winter Wheat-Corn Cropping System in Northern China","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057600780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120029734","mag":"2057600780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1081/css-120029734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120029734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120029734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159568494","display_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","issn_l":"0010-3624","issn":["0010-3624","1532-2416"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101594769","display_name":"Xinping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-2176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-2176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026348852","display_name":"Jin-chi Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinchi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081939329","display_name":"Xinren Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3354-962X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3354-962X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinren Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043755453","display_name":"Alfred M. Blackmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred M. Blackmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["b   Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University ,  Ames ,  Iowa ,  USA","Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b   Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University ,  Ames ,  Iowa ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041917108","display_name":"Fusuo S. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-0129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-0129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fusuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University ,  Beijing ,  P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Nutrition , China Agriculture University , Beijing , P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041917108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89738165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3-4","first_page":"583","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9229000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9229000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.0649000033736229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimum-nitrogen-rate","display_name":"optimal nitrogen rate","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-wheat","display_name":"winter wheat","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-maize-rotation","display_name":"wheat-maize rotation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nitrate","display_name":"soil nitrate","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-recovery","display_name":"nitrogen recovery","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-yield","display_name":"relative yield","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-analysis","display_name":"soil analysis","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-china","display_name":"northern China","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.7420432567596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7121684551239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6361294984817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634497","display_name":"Cropping system","level":3,"score":0.6274040341377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.5549022555351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.5397388339042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.5313715934753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.4803703725337982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52752977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370316","display_name":"Rotation system","level":3,"score":0.4263041019439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41039395332336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36511731147766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.2401466965675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20232558250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.09711641073226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1081/css-120029734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120029734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120029734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159568494","display_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","issn_l":"0010-3624","issn":["0010-3624","1532-2416"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W286751079","https://openalex.org/W573198379","https://openalex.org/W1526398043","https://openalex.org/W1543945152","https://openalex.org/W1984102380","https://openalex.org/W1994771562","https://openalex.org/W2040866820","https://openalex.org/W2045372459","https://openalex.org/W2046162896","https://openalex.org/W2058328309","https://openalex.org/W2082696023","https://openalex.org/W2518843822","https://openalex.org/W2579415757","https://openalex.org/W4240759501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368763105","https://openalex.org/W1978823681","https://openalex.org/W2091330438","https://openalex.org/W2037640654","https://openalex.org/W1999588538","https://openalex.org/W2006095487","https://openalex.org/W2375517197","https://openalex.org/W2353377356","https://openalex.org/W2357437399","https://openalex.org/W2393775385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,90,182,256],"sequential":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,60,69,92,105,112,122,143,147,149,160,209,225,268,274],"winter":[4],"wheat":[5,132],"and":[6,46,87,125,177,189,223,233,271],"corn":[7],"within":[8],"one":[9],"year":[10],"is":[11,28],"the":[12,51,66,73,80,85,109,150,193,207,214,229,234,239,266],"main":[13],"cropping":[14],"rotation":[15],"system":[16,27],"in":[17,43,94,103,114,131,134,192,213,228],"northern":[18],"China,":[19],"excess":[20],"nitrogen":[21],"(N)":[22],"fertilizer":[23,123],"application":[24,107],"to":[25,49,99,206,243,248,253,258],"this":[26,56,61],"a":[29],"common":[30],"problem.":[31],"Four":[32],"field":[33],"experiments":[34],"with":[35,101,118,140,241,251],"four":[36],"or":[37],"five":[38],"N":[39,53,93,106,113,144,153,161,175,179,187,191,201,211,227,275],"rates":[40,68,82,142,273],"were":[41,76,129,203,218,246],"conducted":[42],"Beijing":[44],"City":[45],"Henan":[47],"province":[48],"study":[50,62],"optimal":[52],"rate":[54,104],"for":[55,158,238],"system.":[57],"results":[59],"clearly":[63],"indicate":[64],"that":[65,198],"high":[67],"fertilization":[70],"recommended":[71,83],"by":[72,84,162,180],"quadratic":[74],"model":[75],"less":[77],"profitable":[78],"than":[79,133,262],"lower":[81],"LRP":[86],"QRP":[88],"models.":[89],"amounts":[91,208,224],"above-ground":[95],"plant":[96],"tissue":[97],"tended":[98],"increase":[100,102],"but":[108,164],"percentage":[110,127],"recovery":[111],"each":[115,119],"increment":[116,121],"decreased":[117],"additional":[120],"applied,":[124],"higher":[126],"recoveries":[128],"observed":[130,219,250],"corn.":[135,181],"Soil":[136],"nitrate":[137,242,252],"concentrations":[138],"increased":[139],"increasing":[141],"application.":[145],"Average":[146],"30%":[148],"soil":[151,173,185,194,199,230,269],"mineral":[152,174,186,190,200,210,226],"deficit":[154,176,188],"can":[155],"be":[156],"accounted":[157],"uptake":[159,178],"wheat,":[163],"linear":[165],"regression":[166],"analysis":[167],"showed":[168],"no":[169,260],"significant":[170],"relationship":[171],"between":[172,184,220],"relationships":[183,217,240],"before":[195,231],"planting":[196],"indicated":[197],"deficits":[202],"directly":[204],"proportional":[205],"initially":[212],"soil.":[215],"Good":[216],"relative":[221],"yields":[222],"planting,":[232],"r":[235],"2":[236],"values":[237],"40":[244,263],"cm":[245,264],"similar":[247],"those":[249],"100":[254],"cm.":[255],"need":[257],"sample":[259],"deeper":[261],"increases":[265],"practicality":[267],"testing":[270],"adjusting":[272],"fertilization.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
