{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057501268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710903566896","title":"Is Justice Really Blind? Effects of Crime Descriptions, Defendant Gender and Appearance, and Legal Practitioner Gender on Sentences and Defendant Evaluations in a Mock Trial","display_name":"Is Justice Really Blind? Effects of Crime Descriptions, Defendant Gender and Appearance, and Legal Practitioner Gender on Sentences and Defendant Evaluations in a Mock Trial","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057501268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710903566896","mag":"2057501268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13218710903566896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710903566896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710903566896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94954469","display_name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","issn_l":"1321-8719","issn":["1321-8719","1934-1687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry, Psychology and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083974861","display_name":"Angela S. Ahola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela S. Ahola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stockholm University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stockholm University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015081566","display_name":"\u00c5ke Hellstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-3530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-3530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c5ke Hellstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stockholm University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stockholm University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112411545","display_name":"Sven \u00c5. Christianson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven \u00c5. Christianson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stockholm University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stockholm University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083974861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98133486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"304","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13583","display_name":"Jury Decision Making Processes","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13583","display_name":"Jury Decision Making Processes","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-bias","display_name":"judicial bias","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentencing","display_name":"sentencing","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractiveness","display_name":"attractiveness","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-abuse","display_name":"child abuse","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-molestation","display_name":"child molestation","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homicide","display_name":"homicide","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jury-evaluation","display_name":"jury evaluation","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lawyers","display_name":"lawyers","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6702629327774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.6048270463943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5069494247436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993565178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender justice","level":2,"score":0.41805943846702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39243507385253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38568395376205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24466705322265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17235475778579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.1124250590801239}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13218710903566896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710903566896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710903566896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94954469","display_name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","issn_l":"1321-8719","issn":["1321-8719","1934-1687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry, Psychology and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325669","display_name":"Stockholms Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162396964","https://openalex.org/W193694093","https://openalex.org/W1689652347","https://openalex.org/W1970435522","https://openalex.org/W1972199572","https://openalex.org/W1975509799","https://openalex.org/W1985786161","https://openalex.org/W2005852998","https://openalex.org/W2008684965","https://openalex.org/W2018071688","https://openalex.org/W2028049116","https://openalex.org/W2032645834","https://openalex.org/W2035782089","https://openalex.org/W2041651750","https://openalex.org/W2042664710","https://openalex.org/W2043090052","https://openalex.org/W2049985583","https://openalex.org/W2055894622","https://openalex.org/W2059914669","https://openalex.org/W2062365709","https://openalex.org/W2064858165","https://openalex.org/W2069664560","https://openalex.org/W2071470923","https://openalex.org/W2072302458","https://openalex.org/W2074811072","https://openalex.org/W2145650303","https://openalex.org/W2149763607","https://openalex.org/W2171099065","https://openalex.org/W2272072452","https://openalex.org/W2323178132","https://openalex.org/W2333584940","https://openalex.org/W2970647192","https://openalex.org/W3005720677","https://openalex.org/W4214907476","https://openalex.org/W4229616858","https://openalex.org/W4232628859","https://openalex.org/W4245300356","https://openalex.org/W4295681486","https://openalex.org/W4395106914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142386967","https://openalex.org/W2069541552","https://openalex.org/W2064843785","https://openalex.org/W2229725251","https://openalex.org/W1999034653","https://openalex.org/W2305523485","https://openalex.org/W2159569734","https://openalex.org/W2587224893","https://openalex.org/W847126518","https://openalex.org/W2226018855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"experiments":[1],"were":[2,47,73],"conducted":[3,163],"to":[4,75,91,102,127],"investigate":[5,142],"how":[6],"sources":[7],"of":[8,20,22,26,37,87,96,104,146,169,199,210,277],"information":[9,148],"can":[10,273],"bias":[11],"the":[12,18,33,77,88,131,136,143,176,200,204,211,225,248,255,260,275],"judicial":[13,150],"process.":[14],"Experiment":[15,97,160],"1":[16,98],"investigated":[17],"effects":[19,119,145],"photographs":[21,103],"victims'":[23],"injury,":[24],"and":[25,35,64,72,82,90,117,228,232,242,270],"vivid":[27,111],"verbal":[28],"victim":[29,106],"injury":[30],"description,":[31],"on":[32,120,149],"evaluation":[34],"sentencing":[36,192],"a":[38,41,188,197,215,234,240,278],"defendant":[39,121,198,236,264,266],"in":[40,130,135],"mock":[42],"criminal":[43,279],"trial.":[44,280],"The":[45],"participants":[46],"presented":[48],"with":[49,164],"five":[50],"different":[51,153],"crime":[52,105,112],"accounts:":[53],"(a)":[54,187],"vandalism,":[55],"(b)":[56,214],"arson,":[57],"(c)":[58,243],"child":[59,62,157],"abuse,":[60,158],"(d)":[61],"molestation,":[63,156],"(e)":[65],"homicide,":[66],"all":[67],"committed":[68],"by":[69],"male":[70,235,249],"perpetrators,":[71],"asked":[74],"evaluate":[76],"trustworthiness,":[78],"culpability,":[79],"aggressiveness,":[80],"guilt,":[81],"other":[83],"crime-relevant":[84],"personality":[85],"traits":[86],"defendant,":[89],"set":[92],"imprisonment":[93,124],"sentences.":[94],"Results":[95,183],"showed":[99,184],"that":[100,263],"exposure":[101],"injuries":[107],"as":[108,110,181,203],"well":[109],"descriptions":[113],"had":[114],"only":[115],"weak":[116],"non-significant":[118],"evaluations,":[122],"but":[123],"terms":[125],"tended":[126],"be":[128],"longer":[129],"Photo":[132],"condition":[133],"than":[134,208,239],"No":[137],"photo":[138],"condition.":[139],"To":[140],"further":[141],"possible":[144],"photographic":[147],"processes":[151],"for":[152,175,224,244,254],"crimes":[154],"(child":[155],"homicide),":[159],"2":[161],"was":[162,252],"legal":[165],"practitioners":[166],"(judges,":[167,194],"members":[168],"Swedish":[170],"juries,":[171],"law":[172,229],"students,":[173],"counsels":[174,223],"defence,":[177,226],"prosecutors,":[178,227],"police":[179],"officers)":[180],"evaluators.":[182],"three":[185],"tendencies:":[186],"\u201csame-sex":[189],"penalty":[190,217,250],"effect\u201d:":[191,218],"evaluators":[193,220],"jurors)":[195],"evaluated":[196,231],"same":[201],"gender":[202],"evaluator,":[205],"more":[206,237,256],"harshly":[207,238],"one":[209],"opposite":[212],"gender,":[213,265,269],"\u201cmale":[216],"non-sentencing":[219,246],"(police":[221],"officers,":[222],"students)":[230],"judged":[233],"female,":[241],"female":[245],"evaluators,":[247],"effect":[251],"enhanced":[253],"attractive":[257],"defendants.":[258],"Overall,":[259],"results":[261],"suggest":[262],"appearance,":[267],"evaluator":[268,271],"profession":[272],"affect":[274],"outcome":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}