{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057471908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000611425568","title":"AQAK: A library anxiety scale for undergraduate students","display_name":"AQAK: A library anxiety scale for undergraduate students","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057471908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000611425568","mag":"2057471908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0961000611425568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000611425568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000611425568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115019648","display_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","issn_l":"0022-2232","issn":["0022-2232","0961-0006","1741-6477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107447237","display_name":"Mumtaz Anwar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mumtaz A Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076113748","display_name":"Charlene L. Al\u2010Qallaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-3448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-3448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlene L Al-Qallaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuwait University, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuwait University, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040204246","display_name":"Noriah M. Al-Kandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-8080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-8080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noriah M Al-Kandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuwait University, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuwait University, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079443258","display_name":"Husain Al\u2010Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-718X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-718X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Husain A Al-Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuwait University, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuwait University, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91337276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12289","display_name":"Library Science and Administration","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-anxiety","display_name":"library anxiety","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-students","display_name":"undergraduate students","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-users","display_name":"library users","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-resources","display_name":"library resources","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-staff","display_name":"library staff","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-environment","display_name":"library environment","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-instruction","display_name":"library instruction","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-retest-reliability","display_name":"test-retest reliability","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kuwait-university","display_name":"Kuwait University","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.7952995300292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.738547682762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5785632729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5240235924720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5112385749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5089290142059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5020546913146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37804484367370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37680116295814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.34297674894332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.255696177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.13714513182640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1313248574733734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0934261679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06626495718955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0961000611425568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000611425568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000611425568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115019648","display_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","issn_l":"0022-2232","issn":["0022-2232","0961-0006","1741-6477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4156000018119812,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110954331","https://openalex.org/W223318337","https://openalex.org/W263005242","https://openalex.org/W586720935","https://openalex.org/W1502721208","https://openalex.org/W1522288488","https://openalex.org/W1537020987","https://openalex.org/W1558262503","https://openalex.org/W1572121282","https://openalex.org/W1964819605","https://openalex.org/W2002699737","https://openalex.org/W2015874234","https://openalex.org/W2023257259","https://openalex.org/W2028934535","https://openalex.org/W2041660473","https://openalex.org/W2048097029","https://openalex.org/W2062977361","https://openalex.org/W2077332577","https://openalex.org/W2077642596","https://openalex.org/W2152818350","https://openalex.org/W2606365893","https://openalex.org/W4231200520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601895585","https://openalex.org/W2748092682","https://openalex.org/W2614173096","https://openalex.org/W4401194280","https://openalex.org/W2120655816","https://openalex.org/W2015874234","https://openalex.org/W2524690611","https://openalex.org/W6986398313","https://openalex.org/W4402529133","https://openalex.org/W1990058059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,107],"library":[1,129],"environment":[2],"has":[3],"drastically":[4],"changed":[5],"since":[6],"1992":[7],"when":[8],"Bostick\u2019s":[9],"Library":[10,78,81,87],"Anxiety":[11],"Scale":[12],"was":[13,29,53],"developed.":[14],"This":[15,93],"project":[16],"aimed":[17],"to":[18,46,55],"develop":[19],"a":[20,97],"scale":[21,95],"specifically":[22],"for":[23],"undergraduate":[24],"students.":[25],"A":[26,36,50],"three-stage":[27],"study":[28],"conducted,":[30],"using":[31],"students":[32],"of":[33,38,59,68,101,109,114],"Kuwait":[34],"University.":[35],"variety":[37],"statistical":[39],"measures,":[40],"including":[41],"factor":[42],"analysis,":[43],"were":[44],"used":[45],"process":[47],"the":[48,57,60,110,112,119],"data.":[49],"test":[51],"re-test":[52],"undertaken":[54],"estimate":[56],"reliability":[58],"scale.":[61],"resulting":[63],"scale,":[64],"named":[65],"AQAK,":[66],"consists":[67],"40":[69],"statements":[70],"clustered":[71],"into":[72],"five":[73],"factors":[74],"which":[75],"are:":[76],"(1)":[77],"resources,":[79],"(2)":[80],"staff,":[82],"(3)":[83],"User":[84,91],"knowledge,":[85],"(4)":[86],"environment,":[88],"and":[89,118],"(5)":[90],"education.":[92],"new":[94],"with":[96,128],"Cronbach\u2019s":[98],"alpha":[99],"value":[100],"0.904":[102],"is":[103],"90":[104],"percent":[105],"reliable.":[106],"gender":[108],"participants,":[111],"type":[113],"high":[115],"school":[116],"attended,":[117],"college":[120],"where":[121],"they":[122],"are":[123],"studying":[124],"have":[125],"no":[126],"relationship":[127],"anxiety.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}