{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057325530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610654104","title":"Wrinkled hard skins on polymers created by focused ion beam","display_name":"Wrinkled hard skins on polymers created by focused ion beam","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057325530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610654104","mag":"2057325530","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17227839","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1770894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0610654104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610654104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610654104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1770894","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090477579","display_name":"Myoung\u2010Woon Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-1565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-1565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myoung-Woon Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103489171","display_name":"Sang Hoon Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Hoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-744, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-744, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006969249","display_name":"Jeong\u2010Yun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-1947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-1947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Yun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-744, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-744, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111986650","display_name":"Kyu Hwan Oh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyu Hwan Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-744, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-744, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112022996","display_name":"Ashkan Vaziri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2151-8267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2151-8267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashkan Vaziri","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038579615","display_name":"John Woodside Hutchinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-3612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-3612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Hutchinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.0589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99923582,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"4","first_page":"1130","last_page":"1133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12166","display_name":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12224","display_name":"Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focused-ion-beam","display_name":"focused ion beam","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polydimethylsiloxane","display_name":"polydimethylsiloxane","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wrinkling","display_name":"surface wrinkling","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-silica","display_name":"amorphous silica","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-mismatch","display_name":"strain mismatch","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-fluence","display_name":"ion fluence","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-patterning","display_name":"surface patterning","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-surface-modification","display_name":"polymer surface modification","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779849746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411955","display_name":"Polydimethylsiloxane","level":2,"score":0.8883302211761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.833720326423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6144039630889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22078206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418023","display_name":"Fluence","level":3,"score":0.5627181529998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.52460777759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777872592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349185","display_name":"Wrinkle","level":2,"score":0.5237919092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161866238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258563","display_name":"Focused ion beam","level":3,"score":0.5174391865730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171635847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406983","display_name":"Micrometer","level":2,"score":0.49370846152305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56052488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382","display_name":"Amorphous solid","level":2,"score":0.49277499318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.47892412543296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.4734850823879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50774322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644248","display_name":"Ion beam","level":3,"score":0.4562150537967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.43440037965774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4339107275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.41740623116493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3901980519294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.36981505155563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3330721855163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.19821614027023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.09582233428955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0878622829914093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0610654104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610654104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610654104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1770894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1770894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:17227839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17227839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1770894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1770894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6422988","https://openalex.org/W1612694341","https://openalex.org/W1976431482","https://openalex.org/W1983212899","https://openalex.org/W1985974591","https://openalex.org/W2005412950","https://openalex.org/W2015209383","https://openalex.org/W2025980431","https://openalex.org/W2026026824","https://openalex.org/W2033117797","https://openalex.org/W2035804062","https://openalex.org/W2036135182","https://openalex.org/W2089721082","https://openalex.org/W2095217690","https://openalex.org/W2097995180","https://openalex.org/W2117746787","https://openalex.org/W2119708685","https://openalex.org/W2119996517","https://openalex.org/W2126345679","https://openalex.org/W2144133027","https://openalex.org/W2144237170","https://openalex.org/W2164530620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043777028","https://openalex.org/W149806324","https://openalex.org/W7116772882","https://openalex.org/W2157357725","https://openalex.org/W2168042814","https://openalex.org/W4407792192","https://openalex.org/W2415508569","https://openalex.org/W2911229578","https://openalex.org/W7167496316","https://openalex.org/W2338694717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"stiff":[1,75,84,106,124],"skin":[2,76,85,107,125,172],"forms":[3],"on":[4,157,174],"surface":[5,22,131,146],"areas":[6],"of":[7,31,33,41,64,68,96,138,143,176],"a":[8,39],"flat":[9],"polydimethylsiloxane":[10],"(PDMS)":[11],"upon":[12,81],"exposure":[13,32],"to":[14,20,49,56,87,93,168],"focused":[15],"ion":[16,97],"beam":[17,98],"(FIB)":[18],"leading":[19],"ordered":[21],"wrinkles.":[23,62],"By":[24],"controlling":[25],"the":[26,34,44,47,65,69,74,83,90,94,105,109,113,116,123,130,134,139,144,152],"FIB":[27],"fluence":[28],"and":[29,58,108,141,165],"area":[30],"PDMS,":[35],"one":[36],"can":[37],"create":[38,169],"variety":[40],"patterns":[42,173],"in":[43,46,89,122,133],"wavelengths":[45],"micrometer":[48],"submicrometer":[50],"range,":[51],"from":[52],"simple":[53],"one-dimensional":[54],"wrinkles":[55],"peculiar":[57],"complex":[59],"hierarchical":[60],"nested":[61],"Examination":[63],"chemical":[66],"composition":[67],"exposed":[70],"PDMS":[71,110],"reveals":[72],"that":[73],"resembles":[77],"amorphous":[78],"silica.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"formation,":[82],"tends":[86],"expand":[88],"direction":[91,95],"perpendicular":[92],"irradiation.":[99],"The":[100,119,160],"consequent":[101],"mismatch":[102],"strain":[103],"between":[104],"substrate":[111],"buckles":[112],"skin,":[114],"forming":[115],"wrinkle":[117],"patterns.":[118],"induced":[120],"strains":[121],"are":[126,148],"estimated":[127,149],"by":[128,150],"measuring":[129],"length":[132],"buckled":[135,155],"state.":[136],"Estimates":[137],"thickness":[140],"stiffness":[142],"stiffened":[145],"layer":[147],"using":[151],"theory":[153],"for":[154,178],"films":[156],"compliant":[158],"substrates.":[159],"method":[161],"provides":[162],"an":[163],"effective":[164],"inexpensive":[166],"technique":[167],"wrinkled":[170],"hard":[171],"surfaces":[175],"polymers":[177],"various":[179],"applications.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}