{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057193371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01797724","title":"Augmented infinitesimal perturbation analysis: An alternate explanation","display_name":"Augmented infinitesimal perturbation analysis: An alternate explanation","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057193371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01797724","mag":"2057193371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01797724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01797724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01797724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134484881","display_name":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems","issn_l":"0924-6703","issn":["0924-6703","1573-7594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033193042","display_name":"Alexei A. Gaivoronski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799464224","display_name":"Italtel (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/012ae7p27","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799464224"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei A. Gaivoronski","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITALTEL Central Research Laboratories, 1-20019, Castelletto di Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy","ITALTEL Central Research Laboratories, Castelletto di Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITALTEL Central Research Laboratories, 1-20019, Castelletto di Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799464224"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITALTEL Central Research Laboratories, Castelletto di Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799464224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101529205","display_name":"Leyuan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-2891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-2891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyuan Y. Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA","Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006769834","display_name":"R.S. Sreenivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-0839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-0839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramavarapu S. Sreenivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA","Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91541051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"121","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinitesimal-perturbation-analysis","display_name":"infinitesimal perturbation analysis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-estimation","display_name":"gradient estimation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-indicators","display_name":"performance indicators","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-semi-markov-processes","display_name":"generalized semi-Markov processes","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validity-conditions","display_name":"validity conditions","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91229774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193885","display_name":"Infinitesimal","level":2,"score":0.9037100076675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.6347473859786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.588304877281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.55696702003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44749096035957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.44628825783729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.42690807580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36487945914268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.35515832901000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32899099588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32385292649269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.21366927027702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11053752899169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09265676140785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05479922890663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01797724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01797724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01797724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134484881","display_name":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems","issn_l":"0924-6703","issn":["0924-6703","1573-7594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W236726519","https://openalex.org/W1531253382","https://openalex.org/W1552756374","https://openalex.org/W1586561100","https://openalex.org/W1971253270","https://openalex.org/W1977417413","https://openalex.org/W1980041432","https://openalex.org/W2030720039","https://openalex.org/W2033688230","https://openalex.org/W2043910988","https://openalex.org/W2071396152","https://openalex.org/W2078984959","https://openalex.org/W2083892545","https://openalex.org/W2087042423","https://openalex.org/W2091540690","https://openalex.org/W2094366288","https://openalex.org/W2094837593","https://openalex.org/W2096201539","https://openalex.org/W2106859076","https://openalex.org/W2113750873","https://openalex.org/W2127255353","https://openalex.org/W2140481308","https://openalex.org/W2142491869","https://openalex.org/W2152730038","https://openalex.org/W2157443809","https://openalex.org/W2165292532","https://openalex.org/W2331953749","https://openalex.org/W2749556854","https://openalex.org/W2798278254","https://openalex.org/W6702284999","https://openalex.org/W7071364070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1616053964","https://openalex.org/W69532702","https://openalex.org/W4233026560","https://openalex.org/W1975220664","https://openalex.org/W2107545334","https://openalex.org/W7141289512","https://openalex.org/W2143730967","https://openalex.org/W2040538670","https://openalex.org/W2022937098","https://openalex.org/W1573499361"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
