{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057071053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","title":"Babylon Revisited: Psalm 137 as American Protest Song","display_name":"Babylon Revisited: Psalm 137 as American Protest Song","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057071053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","mag":"2057071053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168826504","display_name":"Black Music Research Journal","issn_l":"0276-3605","issn":["0276-3605","1946-1615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315680","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315680"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Black Music Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097340185","display_name":"Stowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stowe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5097340185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96357975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.5259000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.5259000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11113","display_name":"Music History and Culture","score":0.2190999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13330","display_name":"Theater, Performance, and Music History","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psalm-137","display_name":"Psalm 137","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reggae","display_name":"reggae","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babylon","display_name":"Babylon","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exile","display_name":"exile","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-dispossession","display_name":"cultural dispossession","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-diaspora","display_name":"African diaspora","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebrew-bible-reception","display_name":"Hebrew Bible reception","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11038979","display_name":"Cult","level":2,"score":0.5981929898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777222677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2514663","display_name":"Worship","level":2,"score":0.5523315072059631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5259423851966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4413148760795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91304198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9288","display_name":"Hebrew","level":2,"score":0.41266050934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.41164177656173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.40192094445228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.3463571071624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.32883286476135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22939085960388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.15882572531700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.13603582978248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12409713864326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11195772886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10889771580696106}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168826504","display_name":"Black Music Research Journal","issn_l":"0276-3605","issn":["0276-3605","1946-1615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315680","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315680"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Black Music Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/487802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/article/487802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W363522397","https://openalex.org/W610824281","https://openalex.org/W624895444","https://openalex.org/W628725225","https://openalex.org/W1537344695","https://openalex.org/W1776702391","https://openalex.org/W1989967545","https://openalex.org/W2003866928","https://openalex.org/W2013895103","https://openalex.org/W2054384819","https://openalex.org/W2066471766","https://openalex.org/W2105333713","https://openalex.org/W2316920383","https://openalex.org/W2324381076","https://openalex.org/W2329719854","https://openalex.org/W2557189548","https://openalex.org/W2796142683","https://openalex.org/W2800431421","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235478675","https://openalex.org/W3121052675","https://openalex.org/W2498907262","https://openalex.org/W2973343786","https://openalex.org/W2313046100","https://openalex.org/W70836488","https://openalex.org/W2506656548","https://openalex.org/W2494609663","https://openalex.org/W2748324355","https://openalex.org/W1491222934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,4,25,57,279,390,593,612],"1973":[1],"release":[2],"of":[3,19,22,38,87,109,135,148,217,233,268,284,297,336,367,387,403,408,416,442,482,492,536,549,568,589,605,630],"Harder":[5],"They":[6],"Come":[7],"(dir.":[8],"Perry":[9],"Henzell)":[10],"announced":[11],"a":[12,30,73,118,121,141,156,171,199,209,253,256,265,292,301,307,334,365,379,413,421,462,501,582],"new":[13,309],"era":[14],"in":[15,52,75,129,164,176,223,230,243,249,306,317,378,477,485,561,571,622],"the":[16,23,65,81,84,106,110,115,125,130,153,165,167,181,214,224,227,231,234,244,262,282,295,312,320,355,375,385,388,406,486,490,493,506,534,550,556,572,574,586,628],"transatlantic":[17],"flow":[18],"African":[20,483,508],"music":[21,426],"Americas.":[24,389],"Jamaican":[26,122],"film":[27],"quickly":[28],"became":[29,72],"campus":[31],"cult":[32],"classic,":[33],"bringing":[34],"its":[35,76,146],"heady":[36],"mix":[37],"reggae":[39,100],"music,":[40],"ganja,":[41],"and":[42,55,64,69,180,190,201,255,352,396,479,521,524,527,530,565,608,618],"gunslinging":[43],"urban":[44],"rudeboy":[45],"style":[46],"to":[47,99,104,120,291,364,384,424,430,500,512,541,584],"an":[48,96,160],"enthusiastic":[49],"youth":[50],"audience":[51],"North":[53,250],"America":[54],"Europe.":[56],"film's":[58,111],"soundtrack,":[59],"featuring":[60],"songs":[61],"by":[62,271,319,331,515],"Toots":[63],"Maytals,":[66],"Jimmy":[67,113],"Cliff,":[68,114],"Desmond":[70],"Dekker,":[71],"phenomenon":[74],"own":[77],"right,":[78],"helping":[79],"pave":[80],"way":[82],"for":[83,185,264,400,436,454,465],"global":[85],"success":[86],"Bob":[88],"Marley.":[89],"For":[90],"many":[91,350],"outside":[92],"Jamaica,":[93],"it":[94,259,304,476],"was":[95,117,281],"enticing":[97],"introduction":[98],"music.":[101],"In":[102,533],"addition":[103],"launching":[105],"international":[107],"career":[108,197],"star,":[112],"soundtrack":[116],"boon":[119],"group":[123],"called":[124,423],"Melodians.":[126,321],"Heard":[127],"twice":[128],"film,":[131],"their":[132],"song":[133,154,205,267,377],"Rivers":[134],"Babylon":[433],"reworked":[137],"Psalm":[138,220,324,358,470,537],"137":[139,325,359],"over":[140,405],"jaunty":[142],"bass":[143],"line.":[144],"With":[145],"message":[147],"defiance":[149],"amid":[150],"social":[151],"dislocation,":[152],"offers":[155,412],"subtle":[157],"commentary":[158],"on":[159,213],"important":[161],"relationship":[162],"early":[163,272,455],"film:":[166],"conflict":[168],"between":[169,519],"Ivan,":[170],"young":[172],"man":[173],"recently":[174],"arrived":[175],"Kingston":[177],"from":[354,495],"country":[341],"autocratic":[182],"Christian":[183],"preacher":[184],"whom":[186],"Ivan":[187],"briefly":[188],"works":[189],"aggressively":[191],"challenges":[192,507],"before":[193],"beginning":[194],"his":[195],"short":[196],"as":[198,261,461,581],"songwriter":[200],"ganja":[202],"trader.":[203],"No":[204],"text":[206],"has":[207,326,543,579],"exerted":[208],"more":[210,472],"sustained":[211],"pull":[212],"political":[215,468,552],"imagination":[216],"Americans":[218,484,509,570],"than":[219,300],"137.":[221],"Contained":[222],"Hebrew":[225,356],"Bible,":[226,357],"psalm":[228,280,391,494,595],"figured":[229],"worship":[232,498],"English":[235],"Puritans":[236],"who":[237,457],"settled":[238],"New":[239],"England.":[240],"It":[241,411],"appeared":[242],"first":[245,274,315],"English-language":[246],"book":[247],"published":[248],"America.":[251],"Almost":[252],"century":[254,302],"half":[257],"later,":[258,303],"served":[260],"basis":[263],"patriotic":[266],"national":[269],"independence":[270],"America's":[273],"significant":[275],"composer,":[276],"William":[277],"Billings.":[278],"centerpiece":[283],"Frederick":[285],"Douglass's":[286],"great":[287],"abolitionist":[288],"oration,":[289],"What":[290],"Slave":[293],"is":[294,360,615],"Fourth":[296],"July.":[298],"More":[299],"reappeared":[305],"completely":[308],"musical":[310,337,624],"guise,":[311],"protoreggae":[313],"version":[314],"recorded":[316],"1969":[318],"Since":[322],"then,":[323],"been":[327,382],"covered":[328],"numerous":[329],"times":[330],"groups":[332],"representing":[333],"variety":[335,366],"styles:":[338],"gospel,":[339],"disco,":[340],"rock,":[342],"alternative,":[343],"hip":[344],"hop.":[345],"Why":[346],"such":[347],"longevity?":[348],"Like":[349],"stories":[351],"passages":[353],"highly":[361],"adaptable,":[362],"open":[363],"interpretations.":[368],"Its":[369,432],"central":[370,383],"question--How":[371],"shall":[372],"we":[373,633,637,640],"sing":[374],"Lord's":[376],"strange":[380],"land?--has":[381],"peopling":[386],"deals":[392],"with":[393,555],"cultural":[394],"dispossession":[395],"exile,":[397],"pervasive":[398],"experiences":[399],"large":[401],"numbers":[402],"people":[404,418,464],"course":[407],"American":[409,557],"history.":[410],"memorable":[414],"image":[415],"uprooted":[417],"languishing":[419],"beside":[420],"river,":[422],"make":[425],"but":[427,559],"unsure":[428],"how":[429],"proceed.":[431],"can":[434],"stand":[435],"any":[437],"oppressive":[438],"power":[439],"or":[440,447,467],"force":[441],"injustice,":[443],"whether":[444],"political,":[445,525],"cultural,":[446],"spiritual.":[448],"While":[449],"these":[450],"meanings":[451],"were":[452],"resonant":[453],"Anglo-Americans,":[456],"often":[458],"perceived":[459],"themselves":[460],"persecuted":[463],"religious":[466],"reasons,":[469],"137's":[471],"recent":[473],"history":[474],"positions":[475],"antiracist":[478],"anticolonial":[480],"movements":[481,562],"circum-Caribbean":[487],"region.":[488],"Charting":[489],"evolution":[491],"restrictive":[496],"Puritan":[497],"practices":[499],"popular":[502],"dance-hall":[503],"hit":[504],"underscores":[505],"have":[510],"spearheaded":[511],"boundaries":[513],"erected":[514],"traditional":[516],"European":[517,590],"binaries:":[518],"sacred":[520],"secular,":[522],"spiritual":[523],"mind":[526],"body,":[528],"high":[529],"low":[531],"culture.":[532],"case":[535],"137,":[538],"this":[539],"challenge":[540],"compartmentalization":[542],"come":[544],"about":[545],"through":[546],"creative":[547],"readings":[548],"psalm's":[551],"meanings.":[553],"Beginning":[554],"Revolution":[558],"accelerating":[560],"against":[563,576],"slavery":[564],"white":[566],"domination":[567],"black":[569],"circum-Caribbean,":[573],"struggle":[575],"colonial":[577],"oppression":[578],"worked":[580],"solvent":[583],"dissolve":[585],"conventional":[587],"binaries":[588],"Christianity.":[591],"I":[592],"biblical":[594],"contains":[596],"just":[597],"nine":[598],"verses,":[599,610],"which":[600],"fall":[601],"into":[602],"three":[603,609],"sections":[604],"four,":[606],"two,":[607],"respectively.":[611],"opening":[613],"section":[614],"best":[616],"known":[617],"most":[619],"widely":[620],"used":[621],"subsequent":[623],"versions:":[625],"1":[626],"By":[627],"rivers":[629],"Babylon,":[631],"there":[632],"sat":[634],"down,":[635],"yea,":[636],"wept,":[638],"when":[639],"remembered":[641],"Zion.":[642],"\u2026":[643]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
