{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057051856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","title":"High-Energy Gamma Rays from Stellar Associations","display_name":"High-Energy Gamma Rays from Stellar Associations","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057051856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","mag":"2057051856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/381803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/381803/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/381803/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047522800","display_name":"Diego F. Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-9065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-9065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego F. Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-413, Livermore, CA 94550"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-413, Livermore, CA 94550","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014664012","display_name":"Eva Domingo-Santamar\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-0414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-0414"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Domingo-Santamara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003447605","display_name":"Gustavo Esteban Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-1807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-1807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134895","display_name":"Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/035a15991","country_code":"AR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134895"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo E. Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom\u00eda (IAR), C.C. 5, 1894 Villa Elisa, Argentina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom\u00eda (IAR), C.C. 5, 1894 Villa Elisa, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96319018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"601","issue":"1","first_page":"L75","last_page":"L78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tev-gamma-rays","display_name":"TeV gamma rays","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-neutrinos","display_name":"cosmic ray neutrinos","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massive-stars","display_name":"massive stars","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-winds","display_name":"stellar winds","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadronic-interactions","display_name":"hadronic interactions","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-acceleration","display_name":"cosmic ray acceleration","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convection","display_name":"convection","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cherenkov-telescopes","display_name":"Cherenkov telescopes","score":0.8050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9800999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.7311000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6712999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75183268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140491","display_name":"Particle acceleration","level":3,"score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72591435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192457","display_name":"Cherenkov radiation","level":3,"score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186453547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126","display_name":"Neutrino","level":2,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19694890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667","display_name":"Hadron","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522846370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622752","display_name":"Gamma-ray astronomy","level":3,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110472602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6472","display_name":"Stellar evolution","level":3,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101638190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6311","display_name":"Stellar atmosphere","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534381523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752174","display_name":"Astroparticle physics","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91752515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770333","display_name":"Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17599544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22247","display_name":"Gamma-ray burst","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168997771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2022629","display_name":"Relativistic particle","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559924203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413491","display_name":"Ultraviolet astronomy","level":4,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/381803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/381803/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:3921544","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/29731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0312128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0312128","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0312128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:689769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/689769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/29731","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/29731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0312128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0312128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0312128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/381803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/381803","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/381803/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1101028137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W-7405-ENG 48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1702950523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W-7405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3177268909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-7405-Eng-48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6445123630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-7405-ENG-48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G660437508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W\u20107405\u2010ENG\u201048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321594","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqe8w59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334832","display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/03stxzb56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2057051856.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2057051856.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191579105","https://openalex.org/W1482772510","https://openalex.org/W1592171473","https://openalex.org/W1794900240","https://openalex.org/W1964443169","https://openalex.org/W1966325394","https://openalex.org/W1972773554","https://openalex.org/W1984512180","https://openalex.org/W1987284566","https://openalex.org/W1991383679","https://openalex.org/W1996854114","https://openalex.org/W1998754286","https://openalex.org/W2009036541","https://openalex.org/W2021322936","https://openalex.org/W2032557550","https://openalex.org/W2035282267","https://openalex.org/W2048136473","https://openalex.org/W2052624836","https://openalex.org/W2055023831","https://openalex.org/W2060204197","https://openalex.org/W2062356233","https://openalex.org/W2067464627","https://openalex.org/W2068018152","https://openalex.org/W2107274189","https://openalex.org/W2114251161","https://openalex.org/W2141519348","https://openalex.org/W2171421241","https://openalex.org/W2245254617","https://openalex.org/W2554732597","https://openalex.org/W3021562213","https://openalex.org/W3101525488","https://openalex.org/W4237913875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098690009","https://openalex.org/W2147504378","https://openalex.org/W1591415049","https://openalex.org/W4244812684","https://openalex.org/W2020807409","https://openalex.org/W2481143326","https://openalex.org/W1974377903","https://openalex.org/W1680108197","https://openalex.org/W1794900240","https://openalex.org/W2084253143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,47],"is":[1,48],"proposed":[2],"that":[3,50],"TeV":[4],"\u03b3-rays":[5],"and":[6,28],"neutrinos":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9,66],"produced":[10],"by":[11,68],"cosmic":[12],"rays":[13],"(CRs)":[14],"through":[15],"hadronic":[16],"interactions":[17],"in":[18,61],"the":[19,23,38,57],"innermost":[20],"parts":[21],"of":[22,25,44,52],"winds":[24],"massive":[26],"O":[27],"B":[29],"stars.":[30],"Convection":[31],"prevents":[32],"low-energy":[33],"particles":[34],"from":[35],"penetrating":[36],"into":[37],"wind,":[39],"leading":[40],"to":[41,56],"an":[42],"absence":[43],"MeV-GeV":[45],"counterparts.":[46],"argued":[49],"groups":[51],"stars":[53],"located":[54],"close":[55],"CR":[58],"acceleration":[59],"sites":[60],"OB":[62],"stellar":[63],"associations":[64],"may":[65],"detectable":[67],"ground-based":[69],"Cerenkov":[70],"telescopes.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}