{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056874201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","title":"Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Against Phytophthora infestans and Activation of Defence Mechanisms in Tomato to Late Blight","display_name":"Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Against Phytophthora infestans and Activation of Defence Mechanisms in Tomato to Late Blight","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056874201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","mag":"2056874201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14046259","display_name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","issn_l":"0144-8765","issn":["0144-8765","2165-0616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041716557","display_name":"M. Atia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-2204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-2204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M.M. Atia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Botany & Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagzig University, Zagzig, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Botany & Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagzig University, Zagzig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108189539","display_name":"Heinrich Buchenauer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Buchenauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Phytomedicine Hohenheim University, Otto-Sander Strasse 5, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Phytomedicine Hohenheim University, Otto-Sander Strasse 5, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049027450","display_name":"Ahmed Aly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Z. Aly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Botany & Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagzig University, Zagzig, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Botany & Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagzig University, Zagzig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075107738","display_name":"Mohamed Abou-Zaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. I. Abou-Zaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Botany & Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagzig University, Zagzig, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Botany & Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagzig University, Zagzig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81036459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"175","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11771","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Resistance","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11771","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Resistance","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10076","display_name":"Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","score":0.05620000138878822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan","display_name":"chitosan","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytophthora-infestans","display_name":"Phytophthora infestans","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato-late-blight","display_name":"tomato late blight","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-disease-resistance","display_name":"induced disease resistance","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalaxyl-resistance","display_name":"metalaxyl resistance","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-production","display_name":"superoxide production","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-peroxide","display_name":"hydrogen peroxide","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxidase-activity","display_name":"peroxidase activity","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salicylic-acid","display_name":"salicylic acid","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis-related-proteins","display_name":"pathogenesis-related proteins","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-1-3-glucanase","display_name":"\u03b2-1,3-glucanase","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitinase","display_name":"chitinase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-death","display_name":"cell death","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/callus-formation","display_name":"callus formation","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777257142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149072","display_name":"Phytophthora infestans","level":3,"score":0.7995886206626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.6765203475952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780778831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424099","display_name":"Chitinase","level":3,"score":0.6571134924888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182076605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4273292","display_name":"Blight","level":2,"score":0.6185401678085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180032290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664296","display_name":"Inoculation","level":2,"score":0.5357913374900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.5053468346595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778221352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193572","display_name":"Salicylic acid","level":2,"score":0.44347238540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781088250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161219","display_name":"Chitin","level":3,"score":0.42912399768829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162008176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305","display_name":"Peroxidase","level":3,"score":0.4274550676345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778786769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2715597","display_name":"Alternaria solani","level":3,"score":0.41543465852737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41037410497665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3940697908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.35945966839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1610032021999359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.14340618252754211}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2005.9755319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14046259","display_name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","issn_l":"0144-8765","issn":["0144-8765","2165-0616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29289113","https://openalex.org/W42685117","https://openalex.org/W56069113","https://openalex.org/W124949698","https://openalex.org/W142973635","https://openalex.org/W577806583","https://openalex.org/W1497716481","https://openalex.org/W1512206407","https://openalex.org/W1545550010","https://openalex.org/W1814922909","https://openalex.org/W1913282530","https://openalex.org/W1970032662","https://openalex.org/W1971721107","https://openalex.org/W1978124360","https://openalex.org/W1987478705","https://openalex.org/W1988549422","https://openalex.org/W1993845218","https://openalex.org/W1999425765","https://openalex.org/W2010219916","https://openalex.org/W2023820521","https://openalex.org/W2037098822","https://openalex.org/W2044378862","https://openalex.org/W2050884098","https://openalex.org/W2061974378","https://openalex.org/W2062133960","https://openalex.org/W2067606738","https://openalex.org/W2076427554","https://openalex.org/W2081822130","https://openalex.org/W2087420786","https://openalex.org/W2092713296","https://openalex.org/W2097796697","https://openalex.org/W2100837269","https://openalex.org/W2101108802","https://openalex.org/W2128635872","https://openalex.org/W2130819115","https://openalex.org/W2136469686","https://openalex.org/W2142785446","https://openalex.org/W2150217640","https://openalex.org/W2160071165","https://openalex.org/W2169920305","https://openalex.org/W2319410825","https://openalex.org/W2608244526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089339235","https://openalex.org/W6966194248","https://openalex.org/W3095237380","https://openalex.org/W603866126","https://openalex.org/W3210502860","https://openalex.org/W2319874078","https://openalex.org/W3162943747","https://openalex.org/W4232221980","https://openalex.org/W4385546588","https://openalex.org/W142973635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chitosan":[0],"(1":[1],"mg":[2],"ml\u22121)":[3,30],"reduced":[4],"mycelial":[5],"growth,":[6],"sporangial":[7],"production,":[8],"release":[9],"of":[10,14,16,41,107,115,125,135,158,209,246],"zoospores":[11],"and":[12,19,45,111,156,194,216,221,249],"germination":[13],"cysts":[15],"metalaxyl":[17],"resistance":[18,52,257],"sensitive":[20],"Phytophthora":[21],"infestans":[22,248],"isolates.":[23],"Treating":[24],"tomato":[25,80,140,172,224,231],"plants":[26],"with":[27,67,72,119,178,228],"chitosan":[28,73,138,202,206,229,236],"(Img":[29],"7":[31,47],"days":[32,48],"before":[33,49],"inoculation":[34,50,61],"resulted":[35],"in":[36,53,201,219,243],"significant":[37,63],"disease":[38,64,256],"protection.":[39],"Treatment":[40],"leaf":[42,54,92,116,173],"no.":[43,55],"2":[44],"3,":[46],"induced":[51],"4.":[56],"Treatments":[57],"2\u201324":[58],"h":[59,86,150,167,189],"after":[60,87,151,168,181,190],"provided":[62],"reduction":[65],"compared":[66],"the":[68],"control.":[69],"Foliar":[70],"application":[71],"caused":[74],"small":[75,95],"necrotic":[76],"lesions":[77,96],"on":[78,90],"treated":[79,139,171,203,220],"leaves,":[81,141],"which":[82,128],"became":[83],"visible":[84],"24":[85],"treatment,":[88],"especially":[89],"adaxial":[91],"surfaces.":[93],"Localized":[94],"were":[97,129],"characterized":[98],"by":[99,104,131,153,162,251],"cell":[100],"death":[101],"as":[102,213],"demonstrated":[103],"irreversible":[105],"uptake":[106],"Evans":[108],"blue.":[109],"Light":[110],"fluorescent":[112],"microscopic":[113],"examinations":[114],"disks":[117],"stained":[118],"trypan":[120],"blue/Evans":[121],"blue":[122],"showed":[123],"clusters":[124],"dead":[126],"cells":[127,132],"surrounded":[130],"exhibiting":[133],"deposition":[134],"call\u00f3se.":[136],"In":[137,170],"superoxide":[142],"anion":[143],"(O\u2212":[144],"2,)":[145],"generation":[146],"was":[147,160,186],"determined":[148,187],"12\u201336":[149],"treatment":[152],"nitroblue-tetrazolium":[154],"staining":[155,165],"production":[157],"H2O2,":[159],"detected":[161],"3,3-":[163],"diaminbenzidine-4HCl":[164],"12\u201316":[166],"treatment.":[169,182,191],"tissues":[174],"peroxidase":[175],"activity":[176,185],"increased":[177,200],"extending":[179],"time":[180],"The":[183,226],"highest":[184],"48":[188],"Also,":[192],"free":[193],"total":[195],"salicylic":[196],"acid":[197],"contents":[198],"significantly":[199],"leaves.":[204,225],"Furthermore":[205],"enhanced":[207],"accumulation":[208],"pathogenesis":[210],"related-proteins":[211],"such":[212],"\u00df-1,3-glucanase,":[214],"chitinase":[215],"PR":[217],"14":[218],"upper":[222],"untreated":[223],"studies":[227],"against":[230],"late":[232],"blight":[233],"suggested":[234],"that":[235],"displays":[237],"dual":[238],"effects:":[239],"(a)":[240],"direct":[241],"interference":[242],"developmental":[244],"stages":[245],"P.":[247],"(b)":[250],"lesion":[252],"formation,":[253],"leading":[254],"to":[255],"mechanisms.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}