{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056815404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511699","title":"Warfare and urbanisation: The relationship between town and conflict in pre-colonial eastern Africa","display_name":"Warfare and urbanisation: The relationship between town and conflict in pre-colonial eastern Africa","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056815404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511699","mag":"2056815404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00672700109511699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5354126","display_name":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","issn_l":"0067-270X","issn":["0067-270X","1945-5534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033193051","display_name":"Richard Reid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-064X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-064X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033193051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96187927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36-37","issue":"1","first_page":"46","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13256","display_name":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","score":0.12700000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13019","display_name":"African Studies and Geopolitics","score":0.08209999650716782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war","display_name":"war","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/towns","display_name":"towns","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict","display_name":"conflict","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-history","display_name":"urban history","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-formation","display_name":"state formation","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.9055945873260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.8805222511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4863753616809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.41114944219589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39948397874832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.36496099829673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.34868067502975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2718800902366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2348889410495758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00672700109511699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00672700109511699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5354126","display_name":"Azania Archaeological Research in Africa","issn_l":"0067-270X","issn":["0067-270X","1945-5534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/:438714","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/438714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402168","display_name":"SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31575130","host_organization_name":"SOAS University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31575130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W565896789","https://openalex.org/W641800694","https://openalex.org/W642749433","https://openalex.org/W644956896","https://openalex.org/W1480553196","https://openalex.org/W1481797643","https://openalex.org/W1503043323","https://openalex.org/W1533226536","https://openalex.org/W1546190356","https://openalex.org/W1757162205","https://openalex.org/W1979517377","https://openalex.org/W1981688768","https://openalex.org/W1997808775","https://openalex.org/W2033040293","https://openalex.org/W2079154865","https://openalex.org/W2080818096","https://openalex.org/W2153410381","https://openalex.org/W2314538580","https://openalex.org/W2984567470","https://openalex.org/W3126370206","https://openalex.org/W3150825589","https://openalex.org/W4211038351","https://openalex.org/W4229743679","https://openalex.org/W4236352883","https://openalex.org/W4244868248","https://openalex.org/W6637890022","https://openalex.org/W6816863947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7217784239","https://openalex.org/W2789681876","https://openalex.org/W1601905023","https://openalex.org/W4404053299","https://openalex.org/W2796403838","https://openalex.org/W2019704809","https://openalex.org/W2969191326","https://openalex.org/W4366494645","https://openalex.org/W6999079381","https://openalex.org/W2270002211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(2001).":[0],"Warfare":[1],"and":[2,8],"urbanisation:":[3],"The":[4],"relationship":[5],"between":[6],"town":[7],"conflict":[9],"in":[10,17],"pre-colonial":[11],"eastern":[12],"Africa.":[13],"Azania:":[14],"Archaeological":[15],"Research":[16],"Africa:":[18],"Vol.":[19],"36-37,":[20],"No.":[21],"1,":[22],"pp.":[23],"46-62.":[24]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}