{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056770911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2837824","title":"Helix Signals in Proteins","display_name":"Helix Signals in Proteins","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056770911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2837824","mag":"2056770911","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2837824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.2837824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2837824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2837824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049237460","display_name":"Leonard G. Presta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82783531","display_name":"Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01h22ap11","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82783531"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard G. Presta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I82783531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085464041","display_name":"George D. Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-2123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-2123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82783531","display_name":"Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01h22ap11","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82783531"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George D. Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I82783531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":643,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98774782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"240","issue":"4859","first_page":"1632","last_page":"1641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10911","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Analysis","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-helix","display_name":"alpha-helix","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helix-formation","display_name":"helix formation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-bonding","display_name":"hydrogen bonding","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-structure-relationship","display_name":"sequence-structure relationship","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-secondary-structure","display_name":"protein secondary structure","score":0.718999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937315","display_name":"Helix (gastropod)","level":3,"score":0.8158443570137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184538305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283399","display_name":"Alpha helix","level":3,"score":0.6598297357559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10919887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7843514","display_name":"Triple helix","level":2,"score":0.6161184906959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5810744166374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112887158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169324","display_name":"Hydrogen bond","level":3,"score":0.540598452091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47701112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188","display_name":"Protein structure","level":2,"score":0.4502165615558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.35100120306015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.31020015478134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2785259485244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2774290144443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.24842163920402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133571119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899102","display_name":"Circular dichroism","level":2,"score":0.2010253667831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.15241292119026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09168457984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308841","display_name":"Snail","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002268","descriptor_name":"Carboxypeptidases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003574","descriptor_name":"Cytochrome c Group","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005418","descriptor_name":"Flavodoxin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006860","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen Bonding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009113","descriptor_name":"Muramidase","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009211","descriptor_name":"Myoglobin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010191","descriptor_name":"Pancreatic Polypeptide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010320","descriptor_name":"Parvalbumins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010970","descriptor_name":"Plastocyanin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011487","descriptor_name":"Protein Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012260","descriptor_name":"Ribonucleases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012604","descriptor_name":"Scorpion Venoms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013762","descriptor_name":"Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014305","descriptor_name":"Triose-Phosphate Isomerase","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014361","descriptor_name":"Trypsin Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014961","descriptor_name":"X-Ray Diffraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043422","descriptor_name":"Carboxypeptidases A","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.2837824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2837824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2837824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2837824","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2837824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1138742246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM-29458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3756701807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG 06084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107707914","https://openalex.org/W164331308","https://openalex.org/W1546896179","https://openalex.org/W1565582771","https://openalex.org/W1963550288","https://openalex.org/W1965049405","https://openalex.org/W1966041739","https://openalex.org/W1967384940","https://openalex.org/W1971024387","https://openalex.org/W1971251199","https://openalex.org/W1972698196","https://openalex.org/W1974831705","https://openalex.org/W1981916797","https://openalex.org/W1985204165","https://openalex.org/W1986275207","https://openalex.org/W1989447327","https://openalex.org/W1998022394","https://openalex.org/W2001350069","https://openalex.org/W2004360551","https://openalex.org/W2005631746","https://openalex.org/W2008708467","https://openalex.org/W2010870281","https://openalex.org/W2016907315","https://openalex.org/W2024518171","https://openalex.org/W2038715839","https://openalex.org/W2039616336","https://openalex.org/W2057709509","https://openalex.org/W2065510140","https://openalex.org/W2081359387","https://openalex.org/W2088451388","https://openalex.org/W2113403117","https://openalex.org/W2125793518","https://openalex.org/W2126719129","https://openalex.org/W2128954946","https://openalex.org/W2140992384","https://openalex.org/W2144112248","https://openalex.org/W2400612222","https://openalex.org/W4205669956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2285839272","https://openalex.org/W2096750079","https://openalex.org/W1518724023","https://openalex.org/W2080686432","https://openalex.org/W2464014072","https://openalex.org/W2029851506","https://openalex.org/W2062668585","https://openalex.org/W1850081407","https://openalex.org/W7074124616","https://openalex.org/W3020906094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,40,120,143],"alpha":[1,155],"helix,":[2],"first":[3],"proposed":[4],"by":[5],"Pauling":[6],"and":[7,15,74,112],"co-workers,":[8],"is":[9,50,126],"a":[10,34,44,96,124,127,150],"hallmark":[11],"of":[12,53,95,123,129],"protein":[13,125],"structure,":[14],"much":[16],"effort":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"directed":[20],"toward":[21],"understanding":[22],"which":[23,100],"sequences":[24,102],"can":[25,62],"form":[26,63,118],"helices.":[27],"helix":[29,48,57,110,116,156],"hypothesis,":[30],"introduced":[31],"here,":[32],"provides":[33],"tentative":[35],"answer":[36],"to":[37,107,117,138],"this":[38],"question.":[39],"hypothesis":[41,91],"states":[42],"that":[43,149],"necessary":[45],"condition":[46],"for":[47,153],"formation":[49],"the":[51,56,67,93,104,115,130,134,147,154],"presence":[52],"residues":[54],"flanking":[55],"termini":[58],"whose":[59],"side":[60],"chains":[61],"hydrogen":[64],"bonds":[65],"with":[66],"initial":[68],"four-helix":[69,76],"greater":[70,77],"than":[71,78],"N-H":[72],"groups":[73,83],"final":[75],"C-O":[79],"groups;":[80],"these":[81],"eight":[82],"would":[84],"otherwise":[85],"lack":[86],"intrahelical":[87],"partners.":[88],"This":[89],"simple":[90],"implies":[92],"existence":[94],"stereochemical":[97,151],"code":[98,152],"in":[99,158],"certain":[101],"have":[103],"hydrogen-bonding":[105],"capacity":[106],"function":[108],"as":[109],"boundaries":[111],"thereby":[113],"enable":[114],"autonomously.":[119],"three-dimensional":[121],"structure":[122,139],"consequence":[128],"genetic":[131],"code,":[132],"but":[133],"rules":[135],"relating":[136],"sequence":[137],"are":[140],"still":[141],"unknown.":[142],"ensuing":[144],"analysis":[145],"supports":[146],"idea":[148],"resides":[157],"its":[159],"boundary":[160],"residues.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}