{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056757396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/152417302762251327","title":"Models and Tools for Stability and Change in Human Systems","display_name":"Models and Tools for Stability and Change in Human Systems","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056757396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/152417302762251327","mag":"2056757396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/152417302762251327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/152417302762251327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/152417302762251327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198288","display_name":"Reflections The SoL Journal","issn_l":"1536-0148","issn":["1536-0148","1524-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reflections: The SoL Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047025459","display_name":"Edgar H. Schein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edgar H. Schein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047025459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90472429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"34","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.5023999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.5023999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13149","display_name":"Organizational Change and Leadership","score":0.2101999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13449","display_name":"Organizational Management and Change","score":0.1454000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-stability","display_name":"organizational stability","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"organizational learning","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-management","display_name":"organizational management","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-systems","display_name":"social systems","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-learning","display_name":"group learning","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.49514642357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39418184757232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12911269068717957}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/152417302762251327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/152417302762251327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/152417302762251327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198288","display_name":"Reflections The SoL Journal","issn_l":"1536-0148","issn":["1536-0148","1524-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reflections: The SoL Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624366721","https://openalex.org/W2477209142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247633505","https://openalex.org/W102661838","https://openalex.org/W4249515810","https://openalex.org/W2205818518","https://openalex.org/W2054818329","https://openalex.org/W2265284420","https://openalex.org/W2480066809","https://openalex.org/W4232222654","https://openalex.org/W4315852180","https://openalex.org/W2022193187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0,4,72],"n":[1],"this":[2],"article,":[3],"will":[5,17,73,96],"\u008erst":[6],"differentiate":[7],"types":[8,107],"of":[9,32,39,47,62,68,105,108],"change":[10,33,109],"that":[11,22,85,110,132,142],"occur":[12,111],"in":[13,112,152],"human":[14,113],"systems":[15,114,125],"and":[16,42,53,70,90,103,135,156],"then":[18,74],"provide":[19],"a":[20,100],"model":[21],"makes":[23],"it":[24],"possible":[25],"to":[26,56,87,145],"understand":[27],"not":[28,122,127],"only":[29],"the":[30,37,48,60,66,116,130,140],"nature":[31,38],"but,":[34],"equally":[35],"important,":[36],"stability.":[40],"Change":[41],"stability":[43,69,134],"are":[44],"two":[45],"sides":[46],"same":[49],"coin.":[50],"Hence,":[51],"consultants":[52],"managers":[54],"have":[55],"be":[57],"concerned":[58],"about":[59],"management":[61],"both":[63,153],"processes.":[64],"Within":[65],"framework":[67],"change,":[71],"examine":[75],"what":[76],"we":[77,83,95],"mean":[78],"by":[79],"learning,":[80],"especially":[81],"as":[82,147],"apply":[84],"term":[86],"groups,":[88],"organizations,":[89],"larger":[91],"social":[92],"systems.":[93],"As":[94],"see,":[97],"learning":[98,120,131,141],"is":[99,137],"perpetual":[101],"process":[102],"one":[104],"many":[106],"all":[115],"time.":[117],"If":[118],"such":[119,124],"did":[121],"occur,":[123],"would":[126],"survive.":[128],"But":[129],"creates":[133],"culture":[136],"different":[138],"from":[139],"enables":[143],"organizations":[144],"innovate":[146],"they":[148],"encounter":[149],"changing":[150],"conditions":[151],"their":[154],"external":[155],"internal":[157],"environments.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
