{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056652200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289085","title":"A Study of Speed Factors in Tests and Academic Grades","display_name":"A Study of Speed Factors in Tests and Academic Grades","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056652200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289085","mag":"2056652200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02289085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186480540","display_name":"Psychometrika","issn_l":"0033-3123","issn":["0033-3123","1860-0980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychometrika","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020644731","display_name":"Frederic M. Lord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-4124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-4124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frederic M. Lord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, USA","Educational Testing Service; Princeton New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service; Princeton New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020644731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97125257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.19699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-factor","display_name":"speed factor","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"vocabulary","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relationships","display_name":"spatial relations","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic-reasoning","display_name":"arithmetic reasoning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-grades","display_name":"student grades","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6147425770759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5929865837097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70816948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192097","display_name":"Whirlwind","level":2,"score":0.5467702746391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48666054010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40228596329689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38962411880493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.34549614787101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33699020743370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16256040334701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10500210523605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02289085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186480540","display_name":"Psychometrika","issn_l":"0033-3123","issn":["0033-3123","1860-0980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychometrika","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:psycho:v:21:y:1956:i:1:p:31-50","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/BF02289085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81398302","https://openalex.org/W425101172","https://openalex.org/W627968869","https://openalex.org/W1591975606","https://openalex.org/W1593584081","https://openalex.org/W1737371909","https://openalex.org/W1986372788","https://openalex.org/W2007356270","https://openalex.org/W2043143844","https://openalex.org/W2055091265","https://openalex.org/W2074806388","https://openalex.org/W2077119057","https://openalex.org/W2078477175","https://openalex.org/W2095917182","https://openalex.org/W2111179087","https://openalex.org/W2148827965","https://openalex.org/W2202596582","https://openalex.org/W2266862883","https://openalex.org/W2325752625","https://openalex.org/W2462634734","https://openalex.org/W2797926001","https://openalex.org/W2802595895","https://openalex.org/W2904091852","https://openalex.org/W4246497741","https://openalex.org/W6635431558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W627968869","https://openalex.org/W2078477175","https://openalex.org/W2033860674","https://openalex.org/W2904025338","https://openalex.org/W1737371909","https://openalex.org/W7111656815","https://openalex.org/W1968020025","https://openalex.org/W2077448474","https://openalex.org/W2023766151","https://openalex.org/W2004667842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speeded":[0],"and":[1,8,19,59],"unspeeded":[2],"tests":[3,18],"of":[4],"vocabulary,":[5],"spatial":[6],"relations,":[7],"arithmetic":[9],"reasoning":[10],"were":[11,42,63],"factorially":[12],"analyzed,":[13],"together":[14,44],"with":[15,45],"certain":[16],"reference":[17],"academic":[20,57],"grades.":[21],"Lawley's":[22],"maximum":[23],"likelihood":[24],"method":[25],"was":[26],"used,":[27],"the":[28,34,56,60],"computations":[29],"being":[30],"carried":[31],"out":[32],"on":[33],"Whirlwind":[35],"electronic":[36],"computer.":[37],"Four":[38],"different":[39],"speed":[40,49,61],"factors":[41,62],"isolated,":[43],"a":[46],"second-order":[47],"general":[48],"factor.":[50],"Consistent":[51],"small":[52],"positive":[53],"correlations":[54],"between":[55],"grades":[58],"found.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
