{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056589740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","title":"Sewage Sludge as a Source of Cadmium in Soil-Plant-Animal Systems","display_name":"Sewage Sludge as a Source of Cadmium in Soil-Plant-Animal Systems","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056589740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","mag":"2056589740","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39747","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1637522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.792845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.792845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.792845","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113483380","display_name":"D. E. Baker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. E. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050661179","display_name":"Michael C. Amacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-4673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-4673"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. C. Amacher","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003426657","display_name":"R.M. Leach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6365-4279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6365-4279"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M. Leach","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":7.1526,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96828274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewage-sludge","display_name":"sewage sludge","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-application-of-sewage-sludge","display_name":"land application of sewage sludge","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-bioaccumulation","display_name":"cadmium bioaccumulation","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-uptake-of-cadmium","display_name":"plant uptake of cadmium","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liming","display_name":"liming","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"sorghum","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potato","display_name":"potato","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microtus-pennsylvanicus","display_name":"Microtus pennsylvanicus","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chicks","display_name":"broiler chicks","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laying-hens","display_name":"laying hens","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-distribution-of-cadmium","display_name":"tissue distribution of cadmium","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-cadmium","display_name":"dietary cadmium","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-chain","display_name":"food chain","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780859252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888968","display_name":"Sewage sludge","level":3,"score":0.7200363874435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.671355664730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6331444978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.6134088635444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.5534185171127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5219026207923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.44513237476348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4056287705898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3986302614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.39546632766723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28935110569000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17137393355369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.15594488382339478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003411","descriptor_name":"Arvicolinae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004463","descriptor_name":"Ecology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010414","descriptor_name":"Pennsylvania","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010945","descriptor_name":"Plants, Edible","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012037","descriptor_name":"Refuse Disposal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014018","descriptor_name":"Tissue Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.792845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.792845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3428903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3428903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3428903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39747","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental health perspectives","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1637522","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1637522/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environ Health Perspect","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.280.7255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.280.7255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/f2/95/Environ_Health_Perspect_1979_Feb_28_45-49.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.792845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792845","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.792845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056589740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056589740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W240447527","https://openalex.org/W1027603380","https://openalex.org/W1039329518","https://openalex.org/W1128733757","https://openalex.org/W1603191208","https://openalex.org/W1720809624","https://openalex.org/W1963825448","https://openalex.org/W2017902129","https://openalex.org/W2409837625","https://openalex.org/W2604298392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100758664","https://openalex.org/W2016335329","https://openalex.org/W2006538337","https://openalex.org/W1973597092","https://openalex.org/W66938598","https://openalex.org/W2185270270","https://openalex.org/W1980744789","https://openalex.org/W4230336099","https://openalex.org/W2609449930","https://openalex.org/W2074178383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,63,311],"objective":[1],"of":[2,12,16,24,29,37,40,66,83,99,110,145,156,162,174,222,249,273,278,285,295,313,340,374,399,409,430,436,446,454,462,471],"this":[3,223,341,421],"presentation":[4],"is":[5,34,77,112,418,456],"to":[6,116,125,151,165,179,183,198,218,269,376,394,441],"relate":[7],"the":[8,38,41,44,51,59,80,96,107,153,171,184,220,229,247,271,345,356,407,449,459,475],"abundance":[9,65],"and":[10,193,213,233,262,290,326,353,448],"mobility":[11],"Cd":[13,30,52,67,100,111,127,132,154,182,202,227,279,286,314,334,348,365,368,375,400,431,447,455],"in":[14,43,68,87,90,201,225,254,288,351,378,414,432,439],"components":[15],"terrestrial":[17],"ecosystems":[18],"with":[19,102,209,240,257,323,337,344,385],"implications":[20],"for":[21,246,252,443,458,469],"land":[22,143,413,467],"utilization":[23],"sewage":[25,130,146,410,463],"sludge.":[26],"uptake":[28],"by":[31,114],"crop":[32],"plants":[33,235],"a":[35,160,196,263,379,427],"function":[36],"quantity":[39],"element":[42],"soil":[45,48,104,118],"plus":[46],"other":[47],"factors":[49],"affecting":[50],"ion":[53],"activity":[54],"or":[55,129,243,305],"electrochemical":[56],"potential":[57],"at":[58,401],"plant":[60,97,108,136,226],"root":[61],"surface.":[62],"natural":[64,329],"soils":[69,88,239],"has":[70,121],"been":[71,123,392],"reported":[72],"as":[73],"0.5":[74],"mug/g":[75,85,164,405],"which":[76,176,473],"higher":[78],"than":[79,403],"background":[81,204],"level":[82,422],"0.2":[84,332],"found":[86],"studied":[89],"Pennsylvania.":[91,415],"Experimental":[92],"results":[93,357,438],"indicate":[94],"that":[95,142,420],"availability":[98,109],"increases":[101],"each":[103],"addition.":[105],"While":[106],"decreased":[113],"liming":[115],"increase":[117,152,200,224],"pH,":[119],"it":[120,417],"not":[122,293,359],"possible":[124],"add":[126],"salts":[128],"sludge":[131,147,175,244,300,306,411,464],"without":[133],"significantly":[134],"increasing":[135],"uptake.":[137],"Field":[138],"studies":[139,322],"have":[140,391],"shown":[141],"application":[144,173],"can":[148],"be":[149],"expected":[150],"concentration":[155],"corn":[157,187,302],"leaves":[158],"from":[159,406],"range":[161,451],"0.05-0.1":[163],"1-3":[166],"mug/g.":[167],"Two":[168],"years":[169],"after":[170],"last":[172],"added":[177],"up":[178],"10":[180],"ppm":[181,333,339,363],"surface":[185],"soil,":[186],"grain,":[188,190,192],"sorghum":[189,234,308],"wheat":[191],"potatoes":[194],"showed":[195],"10-":[197],"15-fold":[199],"over":[203,423],"levels.":[205],"Studies":[206],"were":[207,236,267,335,358],"conducted":[208],"chicks,":[210],"laying":[211,327,386],"hens,":[212,328],"meadow":[214,258,346],"voles":[215,296],"(Microtus":[216],"Pennsylvanias)":[217],"assess":[219],"impact":[221],"upon":[228],"food":[230,476],"chain.":[231,477],"Corn":[232],"grown":[237],"on":[238,280,318,412,466],"either":[241],"inorganic":[242],"fertilizer":[245],"purpose":[248],"producing":[250],"herbage":[251],"use":[253,408],"feeding":[255],"trials":[256],"voles.":[259],"Eight":[260],"diets":[261,298,330],"synthetic":[264],"control":[265],"diet":[266],"formulated":[268],"study":[270],"effect":[272],"source":[274,312],"(plant":[275],"vs.":[276],"inorganic)":[277],"tissue":[281,319],"accumulation.":[282,320],"Significant":[283],"accumulation":[284,429],"occurred":[287],"kidney":[289],"liver,":[291],"but":[292],"muscle,":[294],"fed":[297],"containing":[299,331],"fertilized":[301,307],"(1.09":[303],"mug/g)":[304],"(2.76":[309],"mug/g).":[310],"had":[315],"little":[316],"influence":[317],"In":[321],"broiler":[324],"chicks":[325],"supplemented":[336],"3":[338,362],"element.":[342],"As":[343],"voles,":[347],"readily":[349],"accumulated":[350],"liver":[352],"kidney.":[354],"Although":[355],"statistically":[360],"significant,":[361],"dietary":[364,397],"doubled":[366],"muscle":[367],"content.":[369],"There":[370],"was":[371],"no":[372],"transfer":[373],"egg":[377],"long":[380,450],"term":[381],"(12":[382],"month)":[383],"experiment":[384],"hens.":[387],"Soil":[388],"management":[389],"programs":[390],"developed":[393],"maintain":[395],"animal":[396,433],"levels":[398],"less":[402],"1.0":[404],"However,":[416],"concluded":[419],"time":[424],"may":[425],"cause":[426],"significant":[428],"tissues.":[434],"Interpretation":[435],"these":[437],"relation":[440],"those":[442],"human":[444],"intake":[445],"health":[452],"effects":[453],"required":[457],"proper":[460],"monitoring":[461],"applications":[465],"used":[468],"production":[470],"crops":[472],"enter":[474]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
