{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056537708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289016","title":"Equating Test Scores\u2014A Maximum Likelihood Solution","display_name":"Equating Test Scores\u2014A Maximum Likelihood Solution","publication_year":1955,"publication_date":"1955-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056537708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289016","mag":"2056537708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02289016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186480540","display_name":"Psychometrika","issn_l":"0033-3123","issn":["0033-3123","1860-0980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychometrika","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020644731","display_name":"Frederic M. Lord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-4124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-4124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frederic M. Lord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020644731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92275574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-equating","display_name":"test equating","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-estimation","display_name":"maximum likelihood estimation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anchor-test","display_name":"anchor test","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-sample-design","display_name":"split-sample design","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-effects","display_name":"practice effects","score":0.8159999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106347477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384228","display_name":"Equating","level":3,"score":0.9973151087760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6831381320953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6560267210006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018928998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899058","display_name":"Practice effect","level":2,"score":0.6135517954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6094052195549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.5366551280021667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25770339369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101266164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131821","display_name":"Rasch model","level":2,"score":0.07519760727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.07144010066986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02289016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186480540","display_name":"Psychometrika","issn_l":"0033-3123","issn":["0033-3123","1860-0980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychometrika","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:psycho:v:20:y:1955:i:3:p:193-200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/BF02289016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052774469","https://openalex.org/W2065092135","https://openalex.org/W2069858781","https://openalex.org/W4249339966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033041262","https://openalex.org/W2071377998","https://openalex.org/W344235404","https://openalex.org/W2751977401","https://openalex.org/W7062033708","https://openalex.org/W2192108098","https://openalex.org/W7099968251","https://openalex.org/W2345752587","https://openalex.org/W275877642","https://openalex.org/W2187999539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Certain":[0],"problems":[1],"of":[2,29],"equating":[3,16],"are":[4,23,37,47,56],"discussed.":[5],"The":[6,35],"maximum":[7],"likelihood":[8],"solution":[9],"is":[10,63,79],"presented":[11],"for":[12,82,85],"the":[13,59,80],"following":[14],"special":[15],"problem:":[17],"Two":[18],"tests,":[19],"U":[20,44,74,83],"and":[21,45,54,75,84],"V,":[22],"to":[24,49,58],"be":[25],"equated,":[26],"making":[27],"use":[28],"a":[30],"third":[31],"\u201canchor\u201d":[32],"test,":[33],"W.":[34],"examinees":[36],"divided":[38],"into":[39],"two":[40],"random":[41],"halves.":[42],"Tests":[43],"W":[46,55],"administered":[48,57],"one":[50],"half;":[51],"tests":[52],"V":[53,76],"other":[60,70],"half.":[61],"It":[62],"assumed":[64],"that":[65],"any":[66],"practice":[67],"effect":[68],"or":[69],"effect,":[71],"exerted":[72],"by":[73],"on":[77],"W,":[78],"same":[81],"V.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}