{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056476941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415573988","title":"Investigation of Response Changes in the GRE Revised General Test","display_name":"Investigation of Response Changes in the GRE Revised General Test","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056476941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415573988","mag":"2056476941","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29795850","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5965601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0013164415573988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415573988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415573988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176831015","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","issn_l":"0013-1644","issn":["0013-1644","1552-3888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC5965601","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031464353","display_name":"Ou Lydia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-5092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-5092"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ou Lydia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008532105","display_name":"Brent Bridgeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-8844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-8844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent Bridgeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023278259","display_name":"Lixiong Gu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixiong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100935091","display_name":"Xu Jun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nan Kong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031464353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94139439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"1002","last_page":"1020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice-tests","display_name":"multiple-choice tests","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-reasoning","display_name":"verbal reasoning","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-reasoning","display_name":"quantitative reasoning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-adaptive-testing","display_name":"computerized adaptive testing","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-taking-strategies","display_name":"test-taking strategies","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5750623345375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5552772283554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.43311747908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.41665223240852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33564215898513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3210347592830658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23147797584533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.19941455125808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09385862946510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0013164415573988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415573988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415573988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176831015","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","issn_l":"0013-1644","issn":["0013-1644","1552-3888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4921453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC5965601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5965601","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5965601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educ Psychol Meas","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:29795850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29795850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and psychological measurement","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1018.2918","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1018.2918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://epm.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/02/26/0013164415573988.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4921453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC5965601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22531829","https://openalex.org/W52108559","https://openalex.org/W1498034702","https://openalex.org/W1969264736","https://openalex.org/W1971780274","https://openalex.org/W1991815118","https://openalex.org/W2008431206","https://openalex.org/W2020082393","https://openalex.org/W2028139019","https://openalex.org/W2045923070","https://openalex.org/W2046510860","https://openalex.org/W2065486235","https://openalex.org/W2080239122","https://openalex.org/W2081526357","https://openalex.org/W2081884989","https://openalex.org/W2086547759","https://openalex.org/W2089377173","https://openalex.org/W2094838313","https://openalex.org/W2098026596","https://openalex.org/W2160561297","https://openalex.org/W2167025934","https://openalex.org/W2169569954","https://openalex.org/W2269351315","https://openalex.org/W2287258488","https://openalex.org/W4249377231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999906858","https://openalex.org/W2080239122","https://openalex.org/W2167025934","https://openalex.org/W4256083039","https://openalex.org/W325661705","https://openalex.org/W2106107209","https://openalex.org/W309497901","https://openalex.org/W2052179457","https://openalex.org/W242004614","https://openalex.org/W212323434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,5,33,38],"examinees'":[2,89],"response":[3,34,95],"changes":[4,35],"multiple-choice":[6],"tests":[7,112],"over":[8],"the":[9,31,50,70,92,117,129],"past":[10],"80":[11],"years":[12],"has":[13],"yielded":[14,80,100],"some":[15],"consistent":[16,82],"findings,":[17],"including":[18],"that":[19],"most":[20],"examinees":[21,60],"make":[22],"score":[23],"gains":[24],"by":[25,36],"changing":[26,96],"answers.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29,99,127],"expands":[30],"research":[32],"focusing":[37],"a":[39],"high-stakes":[40],"admissions":[41],"test-the":[42],"Verbal":[43,66],"Reasoning":[44,47],"and":[45,63,107,122],"Quantitative":[46,62],"measures":[48],"of":[49,94,131],"GRE":[51,71],"revised":[52,72],"General":[53,73],"Test.":[54],"We":[55],"analyzed":[56],"data":[57],"from":[58,125],"8,538":[59],"for":[61,65,103],"9,140":[64],"sections":[67],"who":[68],"took":[69],"Test":[74],"in":[75],"12":[76],"countries.":[77],"The":[78,98],"analyses":[79],"findings":[81],"with":[83],"prior":[84],"research.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"as":[88],"ability":[90],"increases,":[91],"benefit":[93,130],"increases.":[97],"significant":[101],"implications":[102],"both":[104],"test":[105,108,118],"agencies":[106],"takers.":[109],"Computer":[110],"adaptive":[111],"often":[113],"do":[114],"not":[115],"allow":[116],"takers":[119],"to":[120],"review":[121],"revise.":[123],"Findings":[124],"this":[126],"confirm":[128],"such":[132],"features.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
