{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056472467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","title":"Visiting hours policies in New England intensive care units: Strategies for improvement","display_name":"Visiting hours policies in New England intensive care units: Strategies for improvement","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056472467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","mag":"2056472467","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17205012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108732581","display_name":"Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"0090-3493","issn":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007842104","display_name":"Melissa D. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa D. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA","Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007624942","display_name":"Allison S. Friedenberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison S. Friedenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008558549","display_name":"David H. Mukpo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H. Mukpo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004114686","display_name":"Kayla Conray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayla Conray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006970983","display_name":"Amy J. Palmisciano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Palmisciano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000157972","display_name":"Mitchell M. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-2405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-2405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell M. Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Address requests for reprints to Mitchell M. Levy, MD, at [email\u00a0protected]","Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Address requests for reprints to Mitchell M. Levy, MD, at [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.2408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.996997,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"497","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12860","display_name":"Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12860","display_name":"Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11537","display_name":"Ethics in medical practice","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"intensive care unit","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-of-life-care","display_name":"end-of-life care","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-caregivers","display_name":"family caregivers","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-workload","display_name":"nursing workload","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-barriers","display_name":"implementation barriers","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9380706548690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.6313703656196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3713405430316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.35641080141067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.326659619808197}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009511","descriptor_name":"New England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009729","descriptor_name":"Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014789","descriptor_name":"Visitors to Patients","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017144","descriptor_name":"Focus Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000254338.87182.ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108732581","display_name":"Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"0090-3493","issn":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17205012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17205012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical care medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30652683","https://openalex.org/W93149539","https://openalex.org/W102569867","https://openalex.org/W160174618","https://openalex.org/W1247156863","https://openalex.org/W1774459014","https://openalex.org/W1924744055","https://openalex.org/W1937961750","https://openalex.org/W1963269021","https://openalex.org/W1996557276","https://openalex.org/W2013824231","https://openalex.org/W2019053188","https://openalex.org/W2058894864","https://openalex.org/W2063625127","https://openalex.org/W2067517055","https://openalex.org/W2078829935","https://openalex.org/W2093373433","https://openalex.org/W2122962466","https://openalex.org/W2123622208","https://openalex.org/W2148855489","https://openalex.org/W2183239621","https://openalex.org/W2318944648","https://openalex.org/W2328737856","https://openalex.org/W2330942504","https://openalex.org/W2331891202","https://openalex.org/W2413650696","https://openalex.org/W2416834045","https://openalex.org/W2425917222","https://openalex.org/W4294332488","https://openalex.org/W4298471717","https://openalex.org/W4302416259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056654529","https://openalex.org/W2587995578","https://openalex.org/W2041111086","https://openalex.org/W2108087610","https://openalex.org/W1540886510","https://openalex.org/W3198696555","https://openalex.org/W1972147627","https://openalex.org/W2148855489","https://openalex.org/W2474871748","https://openalex.org/W1992341750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Dying":[1],"patients":[2,30,46,55,74],"often":[3],"feel":[4],"isolated":[5],"and":[6,8,24,31,56,75,104,111,123,141,149,276,321],"alone,":[7],"restricted":[9,301],"visiting":[10,35,67,96,134,192,221,246,271,302,311,336],"hours":[11,97,135,193,222,272,337],"in":[12,26,47,84,117,146,153,162,168,195,208,297],"the":[13,48,62,71,79,85,95,169,234],"intensive":[14],"care":[15,83,156],"unit":[16],"(ICU)":[17],"has":[18,36],"been":[19,37],"shown":[20],"to":[21,93,108,124,190],"increase":[22],"anxiety":[23],"dissatisfaction":[25],"both":[27],"critically":[28],"ill":[29],"their":[32],"families.":[33],"Unrestricted":[34],"identified":[38,262,320],"as":[39],"a":[40,91,154,177],"top-ten":[41],"need":[42],"by":[43,54,69,287],"families":[44,57],"of":[45,73,81,99,131,180,216,230,249,266,295,307],"ICU.":[49,86,197],"Because":[50],"emotional":[51],"distress":[52],"experienced":[53,122],"may":[58,77,326],"persist":[59],"well":[60],"beyond":[61],"ICU":[63,120,152,212,318],"stay,":[64],"an":[65,118,132,209,219,269,316,334],"open":[66,119,133,245,270,310,335],"policy,":[68],"meeting":[70],"needs":[72],"families,":[76],"improve":[78],"quality":[80],"end-of-life":[82],"This":[87],"two-part":[88],"study":[89],"included":[90],"survey":[92,140],"determine":[94],"policies":[98,194],"New":[100,147,171,298],"England-area":[101],"hospital":[102],"ICUs,":[103],"nursing":[105,114,204,288],"focus":[106,142],"groups":[107],"describe":[109],"challenges":[110],"barriers":[112],"that":[113,127,281,325],"staff":[115,205,261,289],"working":[116],"have":[121,300,309],"provide":[125,327],"solutions":[126,322],"will":[128],"facilitate":[129],"implementation":[130],"policy.":[136,223,338],"DESIGN:":[137],"Two-part":[138],"study:":[139],"groups.":[143],"SETTING:":[144],"ICUs":[145,167,239,255,296,308,331],"England":[148,172,299],"one":[150,305],"medical":[151,163,254],"tertiary":[155],"hospital.":[157],"SUBJECTS:":[158],"Registered":[159],"nurses":[160],"employed":[161,284],"ICUs.":[164,259],"INTERVENTIONS:":[165],"Adult":[166],"six":[170],"states":[173],"were":[174,201,253,319,323],"located":[175],"using":[176],"library":[178],"listing":[179],"all":[181,238],"regional":[182],"hospitals.":[183],"A":[184,228],"telephone":[185],"questionnaire":[186,235],"interview":[187],"was":[188],"used":[189],"ascertain":[191],"each":[196],"Six":[198],"focus-group":[199],"sessions":[200],"conducted":[202],"with":[203,213,218,268,315],"who":[206],"work":[207],"urban,":[210],"northeastern":[211],"8":[214],"yrs":[215],"experience":[217],"unrestricted":[220,317],"MEASUREMENTS":[224],"AND":[225],"MAIN":[226],"RESULTS:":[227],"total":[229],"171":[231],"hospitals":[232],"completed":[233],"(96%).":[236],"From":[237],"surveyed,":[240],"62":[241],"(32%)":[242],"had":[243],"unrestricted,":[244],"hours.":[247,303],"Out":[248],"these,":[250],"57":[251],"(92%)":[252],"or":[256,285],"mixed":[257],"medical/surgical":[258],"Nursing":[260,313],"three":[263],"major":[264],"areas":[265],"concern":[267],"policy:":[273],"space,":[274],"conflict,":[275],"burden.":[277],"Strategies":[278],"for":[279,329],"resolution":[280],"are":[282,290],"either":[283],"advocated":[286],"described.":[291],"CONCLUSIONS:":[292],"The":[293],"majority":[294],"Only":[304],"third":[306],"policies.":[312],"concerns":[314],"offered":[324],"guidance":[328],"other":[330],"considering":[332],"adopting":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}