{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056460191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier as a regulatory interface in the gut\u2013brain axes","display_name":"The blood\u2013brain barrier as a regulatory interface in the gut\u2013brain axes","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056460191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","mag":"2056460191","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167407068","display_name":"Physiology & Behavior","issn_l":"0031-9384","issn":["0031-9384","1873-507X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiology & Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054959155","display_name":"William A. Banks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104016","display_name":"St. Louis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/014c68a74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210104016","https://openalex.org/I4210150881","https://openalex.org/I4210165236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William A. Banks","raw_affiliation_strings":["GRECC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-St. Louis and Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, MO, United States. bankswa@slu.edu","GRECC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-St. Louis and Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, MO, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GRECC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-St. Louis and Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, MO, United States. bankswa@slu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104016","https://openalex.org/I47838141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GRECC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-St. Louis and Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, MO, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104016","https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054959155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104016","https://openalex.org/I47838141"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72254335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"4","first_page":"472","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-brain-axis","display_name":"gut-brain axis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leptin-transport","display_name":"leptin transport","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-transport","display_name":"insulin transport","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-insulin-resistance","display_name":"peripheral insulin resistance","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertriglyceridemia","display_name":"hypertriglyceridemia","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starvation","display_name":"starvation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipopolysaccharide","display_name":"lipopolysaccharide","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-endothelial-cells","display_name":"brain endothelial cells","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-production","display_name":"cytokine production","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiponectin","display_name":"adiponectin","score":0.949999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780613262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223739","display_name":"Leptin","level":3,"score":0.7476130723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.7446171641349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.678325891494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6342544555664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6300526857376099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.6241534948348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6014474630355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161573976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420277","display_name":"Glucose transporter","level":3,"score":0.45816901326179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776919658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1467339","display_name":"Hypertriglyceridemia","level":4,"score":0.45414021611213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.45360857248306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.346631795167923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.320514440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2896333932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.16676750779151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.08456578850746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004068","descriptor_name":"Digestive System Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013217","descriptor_name":"Starvation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015228","descriptor_name":"Hypertriglyceridemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020738","descriptor_name":"Leptin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052242","descriptor_name":"Adiponectin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167407068","display_name":"Physiology & Behavior","issn_l":"0031-9384","issn":["0031-9384","1873-507X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiology & Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16904139","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiology & behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59153597","https://openalex.org/W128613139","https://openalex.org/W330114029","https://openalex.org/W622460603","https://openalex.org/W653446446","https://openalex.org/W1505294361","https://openalex.org/W1580500775","https://openalex.org/W1966608496","https://openalex.org/W1968598354","https://openalex.org/W1972190403","https://openalex.org/W1972254081","https://openalex.org/W1974760551","https://openalex.org/W1977905350","https://openalex.org/W1978028221","https://openalex.org/W1979279465","https://openalex.org/W1982974700","https://openalex.org/W1989362927","https://openalex.org/W1992328870","https://openalex.org/W2000980663","https://openalex.org/W2019428420","https://openalex.org/W2024299449","https://openalex.org/W2032777955","https://openalex.org/W2033937869","https://openalex.org/W2040472175","https://openalex.org/W2042535492","https://openalex.org/W2043458888","https://openalex.org/W2043957165","https://openalex.org/W2045851101","https://openalex.org/W2059681129","https://openalex.org/W2060454917","https://openalex.org/W2063438040","https://openalex.org/W2066295481","https://openalex.org/W2067487342","https://openalex.org/W2068535052","https://openalex.org/W2068631553","https://openalex.org/W2068673169","https://openalex.org/W2070224852","https://openalex.org/W2071741172","https://openalex.org/W2081393100","https://openalex.org/W2081807703","https://openalex.org/W2082703227","https://openalex.org/W2088666203","https://openalex.org/W2089695021","https://openalex.org/W2091425439","https://openalex.org/W2098009730","https://openalex.org/W2109674969","https://openalex.org/W2111455366","https://openalex.org/W2111732109","https://openalex.org/W2115756463","https://openalex.org/W2120207654","https://openalex.org/W2128679037","https://openalex.org/W2136556119","https://openalex.org/W2143736769","https://openalex.org/W2147849390","https://openalex.org/W2161363459","https://openalex.org/W2164395962","https://openalex.org/W2188022238","https://openalex.org/W2197821454","https://openalex.org/W2403268896","https://openalex.org/W6611444401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W94825638","https://openalex.org/W2494333337","https://openalex.org/W66337786","https://openalex.org/W2109251309","https://openalex.org/W1994316085","https://openalex.org/W2106213125","https://openalex.org/W2086139024","https://openalex.org/W2024807787","https://openalex.org/W2066295481","https://openalex.org/W1964746432"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}