{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056323909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-7-287","title":"Movement Disorders II: Chorea, Dystonia, Myoclonus, and Tremor","display_name":"Movement Disorders II: Chorea, Dystonia, Myoclonus, and Tremor","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056323909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-7-287","mag":"2056323909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20595442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1542/pir.31-7-287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-7-287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-7-287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118940750","display_name":"Pediatrics in Review","issn_l":"0191-9601","issn":["0191-9601","1526-3347","1529-7233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics in Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048681494","display_name":"Jonathan W. Mink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7867-3710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7867-3710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122714","display_name":"Golisano Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02rcfyf15","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I4210122714","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Mink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122714","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102922221","display_name":"Samuel H. Zinner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-9629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-9629"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. H. Zinner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66125314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"7","first_page":"287","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13966","display_name":"Neurological and metabolic disorders","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13966","display_name":"Neurological and metabolic disorders","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.10320000350475311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chorea","display_name":"chorea","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dystonia","display_name":"dystonia","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myoclonus","display_name":"myoclonus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tremor","display_name":"tremor","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-disorders","display_name":"movement disorders","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-movement-disorders","display_name":"pediatric movement disorders","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-movement-disorders","display_name":"drug-induced movement disorders","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballismus","display_name":"ballismus","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choreoathetosis","display_name":"choreoathetosis","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choreiform-movements","display_name":"choreiform movements","score":0.8199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778868616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076421","display_name":"Chorea","level":3,"score":0.9250282049179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906492","display_name":"Dystonia","level":2,"score":0.8875830173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776538686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116275","display_name":"Myoclonus","level":2,"score":0.8648165464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778261627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608695","display_name":"Movement disorders","level":3,"score":0.8070572018623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6146937608718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6024894714355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780112193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693519","display_name":"Essential tremor","level":2,"score":0.5672931671142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.40960127115249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3124607801437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.20346230268478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09393441677093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002819","descriptor_name":"Chorea","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002819","descriptor_name":"Chorea","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004409","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007980","descriptor_name":"Levodopa","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008180","descriptor_name":"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009207","descriptor_name":"Myoclonus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009207","descriptor_name":"Myoclonus","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015259","descriptor_name":"Dopamine Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020820","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesias","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020820","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesias","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020820","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesias","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1542/pir.31-7-287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-7-287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-7-287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118940750","display_name":"Pediatrics in Review","issn_l":"0191-9601","issn":["0191-9601","1526-3347","1529-7233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics in Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1542/pir.31.7.287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31.7.287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31.7.287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118940750","display_name":"Pediatrics in Review","issn_l":"0191-9601","issn":["0191-9601","1526-3347","1529-7233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics In Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20595442","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20595442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics in review","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580877723","https://openalex.org/W591391028","https://openalex.org/W1998170520","https://openalex.org/W2108553917","https://openalex.org/W4205881864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117757868","https://openalex.org/W3144729132","https://openalex.org/W4309358515","https://openalex.org/W3141525897","https://openalex.org/W1989161773","https://openalex.org/W4205881864","https://openalex.org/W3215768447","https://openalex.org/W2004487427","https://openalex.org/W4252332764","https://openalex.org/W2896354533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0,538],"completing":[1],"this":[2,73,1191,1286,1602,1668,2141,2593,2641],"article,":[3,12,74],"readers":[4],"should":[5,756,872,923,1193,2237,2933,3219,3408,3429,3447],"be":[6,49,178,184,283,562,671,748,758,790,924,940,1052,1069,1179,1194,1214,1308,1319,1335,1433,1581,1876,2119,2258,2266,2282,2302,2323,2363,2396,2446,2482,2509,2597,2660,2719,2795,2934,2971,3107,3213,3220,3401,3409,3430,3443,3448,3584],"able":[7,50],"to:":[8],"In":[9,72,189,1013,1760,1793,1894,1907,2048,2477,2528,2880,2925,3650],"a":[10,101,501,517,539,591,607,621,662,690,823,1040,1123,1134,1271,1338,1394,1420,1606,1628,1707,1718,1745,1810,1826,1834,1910,1977,2018,2057,2060,2101,2143,2167,2180,2216,2334,2353,2399,2411,2466,2473,2485,2520,2535,2549,2683,2690,2712,2720,2761,2798,2802,2806,2854,2897,2902,2995,3000,3023,3082,3223,3249,3311,3315,3373,3413,3566,3590,3670],"previous":[11,3510],"(1)":[13],"we":[14,75,2287,2388,2788],"considered":[15,99,2972,3081],"the":[16,45,70,87,190,193,206,226,250,257,262,273,279,355,405,423,428,444,469,474,578,585,588,600,603,627,633,636,644,666,699,806,809,839,862,882,965,981,993,998,1005,1011,1016,1097,1111,1137,1143,1152,1215,1221,1283,1296,1305,1325,1382,1386,1390,1408,1430,1471,1477,1511,1559,1595,1599,1615,1618,1634,1638,1641,1658,1665,1690,1772,1775,1781,1917,1936,2022,2086,2105,2123,2239,2306,2342,2364,2372,2377,2384,2420,2423,2438,2442,2459,2470,2491,2496,2529,2538,2555,2559,2562,2581,2587,2598,2638,2700,2781,2831,2882,2927,2949,2955,3010,3096,3132,3138,3191,3239,3263,3382,3463,3499,3535,3645,3667],"two":[17,1450,1671,1805],"most":[18,348,361,490,1672,2029,2114,2365,2492,2588,2868,2883,2977,3097,3200,3375,3651],"common":[19,362,491,1812,2884,3098,3109,3251,3629],"movement":[20,56,80,83,1527,2460,2471,2504,3099,3236,3254,3267,3465,3625,3640,3671],"disorders":[21,84,1376,1405,2576,3237,3255,3268,3641],"in":[22,38,61,214,235,278,296,313,329,347,367,397,417,492,558,606,792,838,918,980,1145,1268,1377,1406,1494,1531,1640,1678,1699,1703,1780,1790,1836,1923,1968,2056,2104,2176,2198,2253,2268,2448,2456,2468,2500,2561,2573,2591,2649,2662,2699,2750,2818,2878,3089,3101,3110,3167,3181,3197,3215,3256,3454,3595,3603,3633],"children:":[23],"tics":[24],"and":[25,33,53,63,68,78,94,109,130,145,180,187,233,244,289,305,325,386,531,548,571,614,635,646,673,677,692,720,731,742,773,805,908,974,1022,1054,1141,1157,1277,1347,1389,1441,1473,1497,1528,1533,1551,1571,1651,1684,1713,1755,1777,1825,1892,1976,1987,2043,2088,2121,2214,2280,2361,2383,2612,2625,2654,2860,2984,2988,3067,3118,3140,3143,3209,3227,3282,3286,3300,3330,3396,3419,3424,3489,3495,3526,3544,3546,3553,3563,3586,3614],"stereotypies.":[26],"Although":[27,448,1232],"less":[28,135,146,896,1172,1272,3108],"common,":[29],"chorea,":[30,160,271,907,922,1242,1323],"dystonia,":[31,92,1359,1632,1975,1997,2052],"myoclonus,":[32,93,2469,2489,2553,2694,2787],"tremor":[34,2848,2852,2865,2888,2894,2905,2916,2953,2987,2993,3028,3049,3070,3078,3094,3113,3129,3148,3162,3180],"are":[35,98,134,142,223,624,783,984,1056,1186,1253,1354,1374,1403,1680,1701,1804,1865,2083,2278,2317,2568,2647,2827,2973,2981,3038,3195,3203,3248,3269,3278,3513,3528,3631],"not":[36,245,254,354,757,796,1026,1164,1184,1553,1788,2821,3655],"rare":[37,559],"children.":[39,1792,3111],"Therefore,":[40,1959],"it":[41,449,463,1101,1226,1311,1941,1960,2451,2840,2958,3104,3475,3653],"is":[42,65,111,196,202,238,294,321,331,353,369,395,415,420,440,450,465,489,500,525,555,567,596,685,725,737,800,895,953,1025,1031,1036,1042,1079,1102,1206,1220,1281,1290,1299,1312,1337,1380,1393,1399,1410,1424,1520,1604,1663,1706,1729,1787,1905,1913,1932,1961,2004,2068,2097,2110,2125,2130,2149,2171,2179,2244,2308,2331,2401,2517,2577,2583,2586,2636,2760,2801,2820,2836,2849,2858,2866,2889,2907,2954,2959,2994,3007,3030,3073,3080,3095,3114,3123,3149,3163,3238,3348,3381,3388,3417,3452,3502,3642],"important":[43,375,1673,1694,1933,1962,2960,2978],"for":[44,427,708,777,820,849,876,942,985,1073,1196,1230,1321,1331,1358,1916,1966,2151,2173,2352,2368,3225,3242,3345],"pediatric":[46,2793,2799],"clinician":[47],"to":[48,51,66,121,126,156,204,255,333,442,467,477,495,513,611,619,640,665,687,869,885,929,1039,1075,1104,1109,1116,1178,1203,1251,1292,1318,1412,1447,1500,1722,1749,1817,1872,1881,1902,1934,1944,1963,2046,2135,2165,2209,2219,2225,2229,2235,2265,2272,2333,2371,2437,2578,2771,2829,2936,2961,2970,3002,3106,3190,3222,3367,3378,3432,3516,3532,3589,3643,3658,3662],"recognize":[52,1935],"distinguish":[54,1857],"these":[55,77,1091,1482,1864],"disorders.":[57,71,81,291,335,3244,3466,3626],"The":[58,132,198,229,360,432,520,552,564,680,852,1260,1275,1542,1670,2080,2127,2189,2417,2652,2966,3069,3128,3199,3291,3318,3341,3456,3481,3627,3636],"first":[59,274,2571],"step":[60,2572],"diagnosis":[62,429,445,734,863,1276,1912,1986,2380,2762,2784,3226],"treatment":[64,905,986,1000,1024,1035,1072,1192,1278,1294,1303,2367,3228,3490,3637],"identify":[67,2962],"classify":[69],"review":[76],"drug-induced":[79,3235,3266,3639],"Drug-induced":[82],"fall":[85],"into":[86,287,1648],"same":[88,1560,3192,3240],"phenomenologic":[89,3232],"categories":[90],"(chorea,":[91],"tremor)":[95],"but":[96,141,260,346,746,779,822,842,961,1212,1324,1863,2074,2275,2304,2823,2875,3086,3103,3121,3135,3183,3347,3474,3574],"often":[97,201,464,1588,2122,2305,2452,3079],"as":[100,166,629,760,914,955,1047,1266,1731,1953,2000,2428,2519,2605,2616,2618,2622,2726,2775,2851,2896,3241,3355,3440,3460,3470,3521,3542,3551,3559],"separate":[102],"entity":[103,1937],"because":[104,1028,1940,3246],"of":[105,139,249,270,340,349,364,393,422,430,434,446,479,522,593,632,643,683,689,698,723,735,808,854,859,864,887,898,901,906,920,932,958,992,995,997,1001,1087,1090,1099,1113,1126,1139,1154,1210,1224,1236,1245,1258,1262,1279,1285,1295,1304,1340,1363,1429,1436,1449,1460,1470,1488,1506,1510,1594,1617,1627,1637,1657,1661,1667,1675,1696,1725,1758,1769,1774,1800,1808,1819,1847,1919,1938,1947,2031,2063,2072,2113,2116,2138,2145,2169,2183,2241,2292,2341,2356,2376,2381,2386,2419,2531,2548,2558,2566,2600,2633,2640,2644,2656,2669,2679,2692,2702,2722,2756,2763,2873,2886,2912,2999,3071,3084,3170,3177,3229,3234,3253,3295,3314,3405,3421,3462,3483,3492,3498,3570,3581,3599,3607,3612,3638],"their":[106,221,1890],"specific":[107,846,1395,1911],"causes":[108,299,339,376,394,1018,1660,1695,2028,2565,2643],"treatments.Chorea":[110],"characterized":[112,174,322,1709,2402,3389],"by":[113,175,285,323,569,582,598,626,661,750,1133,1151,1524,1710,1833,1884,1898,2310,2398,2403,2484,2797,2838,3009,3151,3390,3412],"frequent,":[114],"brief,":[115,2404],"unpredictable,":[116],"purposeless":[117],"movements":[118,133,172,212,544,642,1349,1550,2421,2658],"that":[119,453,595,706,967,1481,1556,1590,1716,2017,2285,2390,2790,2857,3005,3029,3187,3194,3505],"tend":[120],"flow":[122],"from":[123,1860,1878,2246,2740,3040,3666],"body":[124,127,1367,1422,1431,1454,1463,1596,2610,2815,2855,2899,3479],"part":[125,128,1368,1423,1428,1593,2856,2900],"chaotically":[129],"unpredictably.":[131],"sustained":[136,144,608,1341,1719],"than":[137,148,337,781,1062,1234,1255,1981,2525,3338],"those":[138,350,1197,1375,1404,3041,3270],"dystonia":[140,1379,1409,1416,1438,1445,1457,1475,1491,1587,1644,1662,1677,1682,1687,1698,1715,1734,1751,2001,2037,2117,2178,2213,2270,2360,2369,2382,2395],"more":[143,185,263,390,406,546,780,962,1452,1811,2474,2814,3024,3337,3514,3530,3628],"\u201cshocklike\u201d":[147,2425],"myoclonus.":[149,2751],"Low-amplitude":[150],"chorea":[151,293,304,328,342,352,366,435,454,487,553,565,594,960,1017,1140,1201,1219,1249,1267,1289,1306],"may":[152,670,834,939,1068,1307,1334,1529,1545,1557,1566,1580,1597,1620,1855,2163,2257,2301,2322,2362,2769,2876,3050,3136,3157,3212,3442],"cause":[153,286,363,972,1391,2743,2885,3252,3283],"an":[154,410,874,950,1207,1495,1625,2005,2289,2430,2546,3074,3471],"individual":[155,3011],"appear":[157],"fidgety.":[158],"Large-amplitude":[159],"sometimes":[161],"termed":[162,3031],"\u201cballismus,\u201d":[163],"can":[164,177,183,282,455,561,712,747,789,1051,1213,1227,1432,1802,1875,1991,2118,2281,2445,2481,2508,2596,2659,2718,2748,3087,3307,3343,3400,3458,3476,3578,3583],"occur":[165,713,1546,2877,3308,3533],"dramatic":[167,1720,2217,2233],"flinging":[168],"limb":[169,2058],"movements.":[170,251],"Choreic":[171],"(ie,":[173,617,657,2754,3288],"chorea)":[176],"sudden":[179,2521,2532],"jerky":[181,2408],"or":[182,209,358,541,715,845,856,949,1007,1049,1064,1183,1350,1366,1385,1398,1451,1522,1578,1609,1738,1796,1929,2185,2248,2252,2313,2329,2414,2426,2502,2513,2686,2704,2711,2732,2778,2809,2813,2833,2845,2923,2941,3012,3056,3091,3364,3371,3592],"continuous":[186,630],"flowing.":[188],"latter":[191],"case,":[192],"term":[194,199,258,265,2539],"choreoathetosis":[195],"used.":[197,2544],"\u201cchoreiform\u201d":[200,234,259],"used":[203,2195,2348],"describe":[205],"minimal":[207],"twitching":[208],"\u201cpiano":[210],"playing\u201d":[211],"seen":[213,2518],"many":[215,1014,1659],"otherwise":[216,3037],"healthy":[217],"young":[218],"children":[219,480,493,650,763,793,812,888,912,943,1237,1679,1700,1969,1990,2153,3188,3506],"when":[220,1418,2839],"arms":[222],"extended":[224],"during":[225,1540,2918],"neurologic":[227,1263,2187,2939,3153],"examination.":[228],"difference":[230],"between":[231,803,1166,1753],"\u201cchoreic\u201d":[232],"clinical":[236,740,1516,1853],"usage":[237],"based":[239,403,738,1360,2098],"on":[240,246,404,412,473,739,881,1004,1096,1361,2025,2099],"amplitude":[241,2464],"differences":[242,1854],"only":[243,356,1019,1383,1419,1467,1547,2956,3015],"other":[247,334,438,857,1326,2871,2910,2938,3013,3152,3206,3478,3547,3619],"characteristics":[248],"We":[252],"prefer":[253],"use":[256,1558,3606],"rather":[261,1980,2524],"inclusive":[264],"\u201cminimal":[266],"chorea.\u201d":[267],"(For":[268,1624,2545],"examples":[269],"view":[272,1633,2554],"three":[275],"video":[276,1639,2560],"segments":[277],"data":[280,755,1642,2563,2826],"supplement.)Chorea":[281],"classified":[284,2837],"primary":[288,1387,1489,1649,1676,2035,2156,2967],"secondary":[290,341,365,902,956,1652,1697,2160],"Primary":[292,298,1372],"uncommon":[295,1208,1828,3453],"childhood.":[297,3092,3455],"include":[300,377,577,674,1439,2985,3061,3298],"benign":[301],"familial":[302],"(hereditary)":[303],"Huntington":[306,309,318,2733],"disease.":[307,879,2688,2734],"However,":[308,753,2455,3245],"disease":[310,319,2628],"rarely":[311],"presents":[312,1743],"childhood":[314,330,368,1711,2819,2979],"with":[315,409,527,695,714,727,926,1010,1058,1094,1188,1503,1548,1554,1689,1735,1744,1767,2009,2147,2196,2255,2349,2462,2490,2786,2842,2870,2909,3052,3116,3119,3125,3272,3335,3351,3486,3496,3534,3624],"chorea;":[316],"juvenile-onset":[317],"usually":[320,524,534,554,1030,1055,1786,2054,2090,2906,2947,3006,3122],"parkinsonism":[324,1801,2874,3299],"dystonia.":[326,1623,2157,2203],"Most":[327,762,811],"due":[332,610,639,1250,1291,1411,1748,1816,1871,1880,2228,2271,2370],"More":[336],"100":[338],"have":[343,482,484,703,765,767,797,816,870,873,892,945,1082,1170,1199,1239,1241,1248,1586,1971,2015,2155,2202,2210,2222,2226,2359,3022,3043,3158,3173,3508,3565,3621],"been":[344,1083,1171,1316,1646,1951,2194,2223,2263,2347,2435,2543,3174,3622],"identified,":[345],"disorders,":[351],"sign":[357,592],"symptom.":[359,1217],"acute":[370,828,3285,3292,3301,3320,3522],"rheumatic":[371,877],"fever":[372,3423],"(ARF).":[373],"Other":[374,1168,1693],"systemic":[378],"lupus":[379],"erythematosus":[380],"(SLE),":[381],"cardiac":[382],"surgery":[383],"(\u201cpost-pump":[384],"chorea\u201d),":[385],"perinatal":[387],"hypoxia-ischemia.":[388],"A":[389,400,458,1654,1851,2570,2630,3019],"extensive":[391],"list":[392],"shown":[396,416,2224,3186],"Table":[398,418,1704,2650,3634],"1.":[399],"diagnostic":[401,847,2950],"strategy":[402],"likely":[407,3515,3531],"causes,":[408,414],"emphasis":[411],"treatable":[413],"2.Chorea":[419],"one":[421,1117,1468,1592,2812],"major":[424,1806],"Jones":[425],"criteria":[426,439],"ARF.":[431,447,798],"presence":[433,853,1261],"without":[436,716,1845],"any":[437,1427,2174,2391,2742,2791,3461],"sufficient":[441],"make":[443,3656],"widely":[451],"accepted":[452],"follow":[456],"group":[457,2355],"beta-hemolytic":[459],"Streptococcus":[460],"(GABHS)":[461],"infection,":[462,719],"hard":[466],"demonstrate":[468],"antecedent":[470],"infection.":[471,519],"Depending":[472,880],"series,":[475,883],"10%":[476,1235],"40%":[478,884],"who":[481,764,794,813,889,944,1198,1238,1247,1585,1630,1970,2154,2201,2206,2358,2393,2551,2929,3042,3507],"ARF":[483,860],"chorea.":[485,700,810,1012],"Sydenham":[486],"(SC)":[488],"5":[494,2094],"15":[496],"years":[497,1257,1757,2071],"old.":[498],"There":[499,799,1081,1353,3172,3501],"2:1":[502],"female":[503],"predominance":[504],"after":[505,516,3310],"age":[506,988,994,1362,2062,2073,2077,3497],"10":[507],"years.":[508,1231,2065,2079,2095],"SC":[509,684,736,766,815,850,871,891,899,1002,1029,1332],"begins":[510],"several":[511,514,1355,1514],"weeks":[512,686],"months":[515,688,1077],"GABHS":[518,718,969],"onset":[521,996,1487,1712],"symptoms":[523,1770,2053,2089],"insidious,":[526],"gradually":[528],"progressive":[529,1714,1733,1979,2606],"clumsiness":[530],"behavior":[532],"change,":[533],"including":[535,1160],"emotional":[536],"lability.":[537],"week":[540],"more,":[542],"choreic":[543,612,641],"become":[545,550,2091],"obvious":[547],"typically":[549,1492,1742,1904,2067,2759,3130,3468],"generalized.":[551,2514],"asymmetric":[556],"and,":[557],"cases,":[560,1015,1909,1925,2479,3652],"unilateral.":[563],"commonly":[566,1498,1519,2869],"accompanied":[568],"hypotonia":[570],"dysarthria.":[572],"Classically":[573],"described":[574,1328,1330],"findings":[575,745],"also":[576,651,1067,1333,1728,2162,2300],"\u201cspooning":[579],"sign\u201d":[580],"caused":[581,1832],"hyperextension":[583],"at":[584,2021,2059],"metacarpophalangeal":[586],"joints;":[587],"\u201cmilkmaid's":[589],"grasp,\u201d":[590],"detected":[597],"having":[599,915,3406],"patient":[601,1629,2392,2794],"squeeze":[602],"examiner's":[604],"fingers":[605],"manner,":[609],"intrusions":[613],"motor":[615,647,1972],"impersistence":[616],"inability":[618],"maintain":[620],"posture),":[622],"which":[623,1378,1407,2132,2449,3387],"felt":[625],"examiner":[628],"fluctuation":[631,1765,1785],"grasp;":[634],"\u201cdarting":[637],"tongue,\u201d":[638],"tongue":[645],"impersistence.":[648],"Some":[649,701,2204],"display":[652],"\u201chung-up\u201d":[653],"tendon":[654],"jerk":[655],"reflexes":[656],"brisk":[658],"reflex":[659],"followed":[660,1132],"slowed":[663],"return":[664],"neutral":[667],"position).Behavioral":[668],"changes":[669,705],"striking":[672],"impulsivity,":[675],"aggression,":[676],"obsessive-compulsive":[678],"behaviors.":[679],"natural":[681],"history":[682,741],"waxing":[691],"waning":[693],"course,":[694],"ultimate":[696],"resolution":[697],"individuals":[702,1246,3021,3036,3156],"behavioral":[704],"persist":[707],"months.":[709],"Chorea":[710],"relapse":[711,724],"subsequent":[717],"increased":[721],"risk":[722,3482],"associated":[726,1009,1057,1688,2785,2867,2908,3271,3334,3623],"pregnancy":[728],"(chorea":[729],"gravidarum)":[730],"oral":[732,1127,2293,2315],"contraceptives.The":[733],"physical":[743],"examination":[744],"supported":[749,2861],"laboratory":[751,754,2968],"data.":[752],"viewed":[759],"confirmatory.":[761],"positive":[768,824],"serology":[769],"(antistreptolysin":[770],"O":[771],"[ASO]":[772],"anti-DNase":[774],"B":[775],"antibodies)":[776],"GABHS,":[778,821],"25%":[782],"serologically":[784],"negative.":[785],"Conversely,":[786],"ASO":[787],"titers":[788,804],"elevated":[791],"do":[795],"no":[801,843,1084,1180,3044,3175],"correlation":[802],"severity":[807,1534],"develop":[814,890,1964,3517],"negative":[817,2693],"throat":[818],"cultures":[819],"culture":[825],"result":[826,2749],"requires":[827,3587,3601],"treatment.":[829,3275,3597],"Magnetic":[830],"resonance":[831],"imaging":[832],"scans":[833],"show":[835],"signal":[836],"abnormalities":[837],"basal":[840],"ganglia,":[841],"sensitive":[844,1867],"tests":[848,2969],"exist.":[851],"carditis":[855,973],"manifestations":[858,1264],"supports":[861],"SC.":[865],"Every":[866],"child":[867,2175,2928],"believed":[868,2208],"evaluation":[875],"heart":[878],"75%":[886],"carditis.":[893],"Arthritis":[894],"common.Treatment":[897],"consists":[900,3420],"prevention,":[903],"symptomatic":[904,1023,1034,1204,1302],"immune":[909],"modulation.":[910],"All":[911],"diagnosed":[913],"SC,":[916,1100],"even":[917,2766,3309],"cases":[919,2030],"isolated":[921],"treated":[925,1187,3350],"penicillin,":[927],"according":[928],"American":[930],"Academy":[931],"Pediatrics":[933],"guidelines.":[934],"(2)":[935],"An":[936],"appropriate":[937,1985],"alternative":[938,952],"selected":[941,1549],"penicillin":[946],"allergies.":[947],"Penicillin":[948],"acceptable":[951],"effective":[954,1053,1320,2267,2366,3196,3201,3214],"prevention":[957],"recurrent":[959],"importantly,":[963],"reduces":[964],"likelihood":[966],"future":[968],"infections":[970],"will":[971],"permanent":[975],"valvular":[976],"damage.":[977],"Current":[978],"recommendations":[979],"United":[982],"States":[983],"until":[987],"21":[989],"years,":[990],"regardless":[991],"chorea.Symptomatic":[999],"depends":[1003],"impairment":[1006,2328],"disability":[1008,2330],"mild":[1020],"disability,":[1021],"required":[1027],"self-limited.":[1032],"When":[1033,1218,1288,2943,2952],"desired,":[1037],"referral":[1038,3588],"neurologist":[1041,3224,3591],"recommended.":[1043],"Antiepileptic":[1044],"medications":[1045,2316,2773,3060,3193,3202,3247,3277,3353,3446,3540,3620],"such":[1046,1265,2604,2621,2725,2774,2945,3354,3439,3520,3541,3550,3558,3571,3575],"carbamazepine":[1048],"valproate":[1050],"fewer":[1059,1233],"adverse":[1060,2276,2311,3293,3576,3664],"effects":[1061,2277,2312,3294,3519,3577,3665],"phenothiazines":[1063],"butyrophenones.":[1065],"Benzodiazepines":[1066,2299],"beneficial.":[1070,2259],"Symptomatic":[1071],"2":[1074,1155,3368],"4":[1076],"generally":[1078,2082],"sufficient.":[1080,1906],"controlled":[1085],"studies":[1086,1169,2014,3176],"long-term":[1088,1158,1175],"outcomes":[1089],"treatments":[1092,1329],"compared":[1093],"placebo.Based":[1095],"pathophysiology":[1098],"reasonable":[1103],"consider":[1105],"using":[1106],"immune-modulating":[1107],"therapies":[1108],"shorten":[1110],"course":[1112,1125],"illness.":[1114],"According":[1115],"randomized,":[1118],"blinded,":[1119],"placebo-controlled":[1120],"study,":[1121],"(3)":[1122],"4-week":[1124],"prednisone":[1128],"(2":[1129],"mg/kg":[1130,3358],"daily)":[1131],"taper":[1135],"reduced":[1136],"duration":[1138,3491,3611],"accelerated":[1142],"reduction":[1144],"symptoms.":[1146,2942],"Weight":[1147],"gain":[1148],"was":[1149,1163],"substantial":[1150],"end":[1153,1773],"months,":[1156],"outcome,":[1159],"recurrence":[1161],"rates,":[1162],"different":[1165,1181],"groups.":[1167,2337],"conclusive.":[1173],"Because":[1174,2158,2375],"outcome":[1176],"appears":[1177,2453,3105],"whether":[1182],"patients":[1185,2200,2205,2357],"steroid":[1189],"medications,":[1190,3557,3609],"reserved":[1195],"severe":[1200,1568,3376],"unresponsive":[1202],"treatment.Chorea":[1205],"manifestation":[1209,1223,2599,2721],"SLE":[1211,1240,1252,1269,1280,1298,1322],"presenting":[1216],"sole":[1222],"SLE,":[1225,1293],"remain":[1228],"so":[1229],"about":[1243,2805,3168],"50%":[1244],"younger":[1254,1791],"16":[1256],"age.":[1259,1759],"conveys":[1270],"favorable":[1273],"prognosis.":[1274],"beyond":[1282,1664,2637],"scope":[1284,1666,2639],"review.":[1287,1669],"underlying":[1297],"indicated.":[1300],"Additional":[1301],"indicated":[1309],"if":[1310,2327,2429,2580],"bothersome.":[1313],"Haloperidol":[1314],"has":[1315,1513,1645,1717,1950,2193,2262,2346,2394,2472,2542,2930,3185],"reported":[1317],"previously":[1327],"effective.Dystonia":[1336],"syndrome":[1339,1708,2708,3385],"muscle":[1342,2336,2413,2415,2522,3435],"contractions,":[1343],"frequently":[1344],"causing":[1345,2534,3669],"twisting":[1346,1505,3332],"repetitive":[1348],"abnormal":[1351],"postures.":[1352],"classification":[1356,1483,3233],"schemes":[1357,1484],"onset,":[1364],"cause,":[1365],"affected":[1369,1989,2084,2792],"(Table":[1370],"3).":[1371],"dystonias":[1373,1402,2161],"either":[1381,1392,1915],"feature":[1384],"feature,":[1388],"genetic":[1396,1920,1930,2108],"mutation":[1397],"unknown.":[1400],"Secondary":[1401],"another":[1413,3660],"identifiable":[1414],"cause.Focal":[1415],"occurs":[1417,2895,2917],"single":[1421,2412,3312],"affected.":[1425,1434],"Almost":[1426],"Examples":[1435],"focal":[1437],"torticollis":[1440],"writer's":[1442],"cramp.":[1443],"Segmental":[1444],"refers":[1446],"involvement":[1448,1459,1502],"adjacent":[1453],"parts;":[1455],"multifocal":[1456],"describes":[1458],"multiple":[1461],"nonadjacent":[1462],"parts.":[1464,2816,3480],"Hemidystonia":[1465],"affects":[1466],"side":[1469],"body,":[1472],"generalized":[1474,1490,1501,2036,2092],"involves":[1476,3131,3323],"entire":[1478],"body.":[1479],"Note":[1480],"overlap.":[1485],"Childhood":[1486],"starts":[1493],"extremity":[1496,1570],"progresses":[1499],"involuntary":[1504,3324],"nearly":[1507],"all":[1508,2152],"parts":[1509],"body.Dystonia":[1512],"characteristic":[1515],"features.":[1517],"Dystonia":[1518],"triggered":[1521],"exacerbated":[1523],"attempted":[1525],"voluntary":[1526,2921],"fluctuate":[1530],"occurrence":[1532],"over":[1535],"time.":[1536],"Dystonic":[1537],"contractions":[1538,2409],"resolve":[1539],"sleep.":[1541],"dystonic":[1543,1600,3302,3305,3321,3393,3523],"posturing":[1544],"paradoxically":[1552],"others":[1555],"muscles.":[1561,3340],"For":[1562,1612,2140,2284,2665],"example,":[1563,1613,2666],"walking":[1564,1575],"forward":[1565],"elicit":[1567],"lower":[1569,3568],"truncal":[1572],"twisting,":[1573],"yet":[1574],"backward,":[1576],"running,":[1577],"swimming":[1579],"completely":[1582],"normal.":[1583],"Individuals":[1584],"find":[1589],"touching":[1591],"relieve":[1598],"spasms;":[1601],"phenomenon":[1603],"called":[1605],"sensory":[1607,2486],"trick":[1608],"geste":[1610],"antagoniste.":[1611],"rubbing":[1614],"back":[1616],"hand":[1619,1622],"diminish":[1621,3433],"example":[1626,2494,2547],"demonstrates":[1631,2552],"fourth":[1635],"segment":[1636,2557],"supplement.)Historically,":[1643],"divided":[1647],"(idiopathic)":[1650],"causes.":[1653],"full":[1655,2631],"discussion":[1656,2632],"types":[1674,2115],"dopa-responsive":[1681],"(DRD)":[1683],"idiopathic":[1685,1995,2050,2211],"torsion":[1686,1996,2051,2212],"DYT1":[1691,2023,2106,2373],"mutation.":[1692,2374],"listed":[1702,2648],"4.DRD":[1705],"response":[1721,1901,2124,2218,2234,2499],"low":[1723,1945,2136],"doses":[1724,1946,2137],"levodopa.":[1726,1948,2139],"DRD":[1727,1741,1870,1879,1897,1939,1949,1967,2227],"known":[1730,1999,3265],"hereditary":[1732],"diurnal":[1736,1764,1784],"fluctuations":[1737],"Segawa":[1739],"syndrome.":[1740,2188],"gait":[1746],"disturbance":[1747],"foot":[1750],"starting":[1752],"1":[1754],"12":[1756],"untreated":[1761],"older":[1762],"children,":[1763,2881,3182,3257],"develops,":[1766],"worsening":[1768],"toward":[1771],"day":[1776],"marked":[1778],"improvement":[1779],"morning.":[1782],"Such":[1783,3035],"apparent":[1789],"late":[1794],"adolescence":[1795],"early":[1797],"adulthood,":[1798],"features":[1799,2946],"develop.There":[1803],"forms":[1807,1841],"DRD:":[1809],"autosomal":[1813,1829,2006,2032],"dominant":[1814,2007],"form":[1815,1831,2691],"deficiency":[1818,1835,1844,1859,1874,1883],"guanosine":[1820],"5\u2032-triphosphate":[1821],"(GTP)":[1822],"cyclohydrolase":[1823],"(GTPCH)":[1824],"relatively":[1827,3250],"recessive":[1830],"tyrosine":[1837],"hydroxylase":[1838],"(TH).":[1839],"Both":[1840],"produce":[1842],"dopamine":[1843,1849,3279,3296,3316,3379],"loss":[1846],"nigrostriatal":[1848],"neurons.":[1850],"few":[1852,2335,2824,3020],"help":[1856],"TH":[1858,1873],"GTPCH":[1861,1882,2230],"deficiency,":[1862],"neither":[1866],"nor":[1868],"specific.":[1869],"distinguished":[1877],"measuring":[1885],"cerebrospinal":[1886],"fluid":[1887],"(CSF)":[1888],"catecholamines,":[1889],"metabolites,":[1891],"pterins.":[1893],"practice,":[1895],"diagnosing":[1896],"its":[1899,3596],"exquisite":[1900],"levodopa":[1903,2146,2170,2247],"some":[1908,2159,2199,2478,3216,3503],"required,":[1914],"purpose":[1918],"counseling":[1921],"or,":[1922],"atypical":[1924],"warranting":[1926],"CSF":[1927],"investigations":[1928],"testing.It":[1931],"responds":[1942,2133],"dramatically":[1943,2134],"misdiagnosed":[1952],"cerebral":[1954,2273],"palsy,":[1955,2274],"particularly":[1956],"spastic":[1957],"diplegia.":[1958],"suspicion":[1965],"impairment,":[1973],"prominent":[1974,2181],"slowly":[1978],"static":[1982],"course.":[1983],"With":[1984],"treatment,":[1988,2387,3613],"lead":[1992],"normal":[1993,2996],"lives.Childhood-onset":[1994],"formerly":[1998],"musculorum":[2002],"deformans,":[2003],"condition":[2008],"incomplete":[2010],"(30%)":[2011],"penetrance.":[2012],"Genetic":[2013],"found":[2016,2264],"GAG":[2019,2102],"deletion":[2020,2103],"locus":[2024],"chromosome":[2026],"9":[2027],"dominant,":[2033],"early-onset,":[2034],"affecting":[2038],"Ashkenazi":[2039],"Jewish":[2040],"families":[2041],"(90%)":[2042],"non-Jews":[2044],"(50%":[2045],"60%).":[2047],"childhood-onset":[2049],"begin":[2055,3088],"mean":[2061],"12.5":[2064],"Onset":[2066],"before":[2069,2076,2085,2295],"28":[2070],"seldom":[2075],"6":[2078,3001,3362],"legs":[2081],"arms,":[2087],"within":[2093],"Diagnosis":[2096],"identifying":[2100],"gene;":[2107],"testing":[2109],"available":[2111,2828],"commercially.Treatment":[2112],"difficult,":[2120],"incomplete.":[2126],"clear":[2128],"exception":[2129],"DRD,":[2131],"reason,":[2142,2286],"trial":[2144,2168,2291],"carbidopa":[2148],"recommended":[2150,2172],"respond":[2164,2770,3189],"levodopa,":[2166],"whom":[2177],"component":[2182],"his":[2184],"her":[2186],"anticholinergic":[2190,2220,3352],"medication":[2191,2221,3494,3661],"trihexyphenidyl":[2192,2236,2256],"success":[2197,2351],"were":[2207],"had":[2215,2433],"deficiency.":[2231],"Thus,":[2232],"suggest":[2238],"possibility":[2240],"DRD.If":[2242],"benefit":[2243,2307],"inadequate":[2245],"trihexyphenidyl,":[2249],"baclofen":[2250,2261,2294],"alone":[2251],"combination":[2254],"Intrathecal":[2260],"treating":[2269,3178],"frequent":[2279],"serious.":[2283],"recommend":[2288,2389,2789],"adequate":[2290],"considering":[2296],"intrathecal":[2297],"baclofen.":[2298],"beneficial,":[2303],"limited":[2309],"tolerance.If":[2314],"ineffective,":[2318],"botulinum":[2319],"toxin":[2320],"injections":[2321],"highly":[2324],"effective,":[2325],"especially":[2326],"attributable":[2332],"Deep":[2338],"brain":[2339,3511],"stimulation":[2340],"medial":[2343],"globus":[2344],"pallidus":[2345],"increasing":[2350],"select":[2354],"broad":[2378],"differential":[2379,2783],"complexities":[2385],"evaluated":[2397,2796,3410],"neurologist.Myoclonus":[2400],"abrupt,":[2405],"involuntary,":[2406],"nonsuppressible,":[2407],"involving":[2410,2811,2853],"group.":[2416],"rapidity":[2418],"warrants":[2422],"descriptor":[2424],"\u201clightning-fast,\u201d":[2427],"electrical":[2431],"shock":[2432],"just":[2434],"applied":[2436],"peripheral":[2439],"nerve":[2440],"innervating":[2441],"muscle.":[2443],"Myoclonus":[2444,2507,2595,2698],"rhythmic,":[2447],"case":[2450,2530],"tremor-like.":[2454],"true":[2457],"tremor,":[2458,2931,3395],"oscillates":[2461],"near-equal":[2463],"around":[2465],"midpoint;":[2467],"\u201csawtooth\u201d":[2475],"character.":[2476],"myoclonus":[2480,2516,2567,2582,2635,2646,2668,2678,2717,2753,2755],"elicited":[2483],"stimulus":[2487],"(reflex":[2488],"famous":[2493],"being":[2495],"acoustic":[2497],"startle":[2498],"infancy)":[2501],"volitional":[2503],"(action":[2505],"myoclonus).":[2506],"focal,":[2510],"multifocal,":[2511],"segmental,":[2512],"Occasional":[2515],"relaxation":[2523,2533],"active":[2526],"contraction.":[2527,3436],"visible":[2536],"jerk,":[2537],"\u201cnegative":[2540],"myoclonus\u201d":[2541],"baby":[2550],"fifth":[2556],"supplement.)The":[2564],"numerous.":[2569],"classifying":[2574],"myoclonic":[2575,2607,2623,2657],"determine":[2579],"epileptic.":[2584],"Electroencephalography":[2585],"useful":[2589],"tool":[2590],"making":[2592],"distinction.":[2594]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
