{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056050422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","title":"Differences in Breast Cancer Stage, Treatment, and Survival by Race and Ethnicity","display_name":"Differences in Breast Cancer Stage, Treatment, and Survival by Race and Ethnicity","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056050422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","mag":"2056050422","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12523916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039757472","display_name":"Christopher I. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-0743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-0743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher I. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, MP 381, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. cili@fhcrc.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, MP 381, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. cili@fhcrc.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074840024","display_name":"Kathleen E. Malone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-6714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-6714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen E. Malone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111802584","display_name":"Janet R. Daling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet R. Daling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":657,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99670167,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"163","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12103","display_name":"Cancer Risks and Factors","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-stage","display_name":"breast cancer stage","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-mortality","display_name":"breast cancer mortality","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-disparities","display_name":"treatment disparities","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-americans","display_name":"Native Americans","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-women","display_name":"Hispanic women","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women","display_name":"Black women","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020641676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065556","display_name":"Pacific islanders","level":3,"score":0.8385246992111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7688232064247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.7633557319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6500067710876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6389721035957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910179961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283606","display_name":"Native Hawaiians","level":4,"score":0.5742921829223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5694350600242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5136200785636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.506648600101471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103621254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9199","display_name":"Vietnamese","level":2,"score":0.5008187294006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.44922345876693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.44805124402046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.43802163004875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1605076789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08832132816314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001213","descriptor_name":"Asian","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007198","descriptor_name":"Indians, North American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018426","descriptor_name":"SEER Program","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12523916","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12523916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6006538786","display_name":"HRT USE AND RISK OF LOBULAR AND DUCTAL BREAST CANCER","funder_award_id":"R01CA085913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000880611","display_name":"Developing Data-Driven Cancer Researchers","funder_award_id":"T32CA009168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166716290","https://openalex.org/W196157878","https://openalex.org/W1492818624","https://openalex.org/W1834833779","https://openalex.org/W1988235456","https://openalex.org/W1990203725","https://openalex.org/W1992488253","https://openalex.org/W2009081483","https://openalex.org/W2021026872","https://openalex.org/W2022354098","https://openalex.org/W2026080256","https://openalex.org/W2032281192","https://openalex.org/W2044232594","https://openalex.org/W2046195799","https://openalex.org/W2046288414","https://openalex.org/W2063861437","https://openalex.org/W2070460415","https://openalex.org/W2076288427","https://openalex.org/W2082053064","https://openalex.org/W2082373213","https://openalex.org/W2094680456","https://openalex.org/W2099107671","https://openalex.org/W2100045340","https://openalex.org/W2104734802","https://openalex.org/W2106356309","https://openalex.org/W2111966412","https://openalex.org/W2113786518","https://openalex.org/W2130969312","https://openalex.org/W2137339942","https://openalex.org/W2139510434","https://openalex.org/W2143362060","https://openalex.org/W2151778057","https://openalex.org/W2165492284","https://openalex.org/W2184047002","https://openalex.org/W2338469664","https://openalex.org/W2995133996","https://openalex.org/W4239756463","https://openalex.org/W4245328049","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4361291462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105630607","https://openalex.org/W4414013139","https://openalex.org/W2041732919","https://openalex.org/W2032281192","https://openalex.org/W2406424443","https://openalex.org/W2011910063","https://openalex.org/W2036669175","https://openalex.org/W2806478011","https://openalex.org/W2067428007","https://openalex.org/W3205146723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,206],"the":[2,72,87,199],"United":[3],"States,":[4],"black":[5],"and":[6,18,28,35,38,44,53,75,91,93,98,119,134,137,151,155,158,176,194,215,218,241,248],"Hispanic":[7,39,139],"white":[8],"women":[9,105],"with":[10,14,169],"breast":[11,49,94,113,172,231,237],"cancer":[12,50,95,232,238,251],"present":[13,245],"more":[15,183],"advanced":[16],"stages":[17],"have":[19,47],"poorer":[20],"survival":[21,252],"rates":[22,55,243],"than":[23],"non-Hispanic":[24,125,144],"whites,":[25,126,145],"whereas":[26],"Asians":[27,34,133],"Pacific":[29,36,135],"Islanders":[30,37],"do":[31],"not.":[32],"However,":[33],"whites":[40],"are":[41,244],"heterogeneous":[42],"populations,":[43],"few":[45],"studies":[46],"evaluated":[48],"stage,":[51,96,239],"treatments,":[52,97,240],"mortality":[54,99,228,242],"for":[56],"subgroups":[57],"of":[58,103,167,192,227],"these":[59,264],"populations.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"Using":[62],"data":[63],"from":[64],"11":[65],"population-based":[66],"tumor":[67],"registries":[68],"that":[69,262],"participate":[70],"in":[71,236],"Surveillance,":[73],"Epidemiology,":[74],"End":[76],"Results":[77],"Program,":[78],"we":[79],"conducted":[80],"a":[81,109,189,230],"retrospective":[82],"cohort":[83,102],"study":[84],"to":[85,143,163,181,185,223],"evaluate":[86],"relationship":[88],"between":[89,115],"race":[90,247],"ethnicity":[92],"rates.":[100],"The":[101],"124,934":[104],"diagnosed":[106],"as":[107],"having":[108],"first":[110,190],"primary":[111],"invasive":[112],"carcinoma":[114],"January":[116],"1,":[117],"1992,":[118],"December":[120],"31,":[121],"1998,":[122],"included":[123],"97,999":[124],"10,560":[127],"blacks,":[128,146,208],"322":[129],"American":[130,147,209],"Indians,":[131,148,210],"8834":[132],"Islanders,":[136],"7219":[138],"whites.":[140],"RESULTS:":[141],"Relative":[142],"Hawaiians,":[149,211],"Indians":[150],"Pakistanis,":[152],"Mexicans,":[153,175,213],"South":[154,214],"Central":[156,216],"Americans,":[157,217],"Puerto":[159,177,219],"Ricans":[160,178,220],"had":[161,221],"1.4-":[162],"3.6-fold":[164],"greater":[165,225],"risks":[166,226],"presenting":[168],"stage":[170],"IV":[171],"cancer.":[173],"Blacks,":[174],"were":[179],"20%":[180,222],"50%":[182],"likely":[184],"receive":[186],"or":[187],"elect":[188],"course":[191],"surgical":[193],"radiation":[195],"treatment":[196],"not":[197],"meeting":[198],"2000":[200],"National":[201],"Comprehensive":[202],"Cancer":[203],"Network":[204],"standards.":[205],"addition,":[207],"Vietnamese,":[212],"200%":[224],"after":[229],"diagnosis.":[233],"CONCLUSIONS:":[234],"Differences":[235],"by":[246,256],"ethnicity.":[249],"Breast":[250],"may":[253],"be":[254],"improved":[255],"targeting":[257],"factors,":[258,261],"particularly":[259],"socioeconomic":[260],"underlie":[263],"differences.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":44}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
