{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056044320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700208","title":"Being Poor and Becoming Poor: Poverty Status and Poverty Transitions in Rural Pakistan","display_name":"Being Poor and Becoming Poor: Poverty Status and Poverty Transitions in Rural Pakistan","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056044320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700208","mag":"2056044320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002190960203700208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27602889","display_name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","issn_l":"0021-9096","issn":["0021-9096","1568-5217","1745-2538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/report/Being_Poor_and_Becoming_Poor_Poverty_Status_and_Poverty_Transitions_in_Rural_Pakistan/26443618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039535558","display_name":"Bob Baulch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-5802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-5802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120766","display_name":"Institute of Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0288jxv49","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120766"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob Baulch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE,                         United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE,                         United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824","https://openalex.org/I4210120766"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046708595","display_name":"Neil McCulloch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-692X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-692X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120766","display_name":"Institute of Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0288jxv49","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120766"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil McCulloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE,                         United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE,                         United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824","https://openalex.org/I4210120766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.2008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99499034,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"168","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-transitions","display_name":"poverty transitions","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-status","display_name":"poverty status","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-poverty","display_name":"income poverty","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-poverty","display_name":"rural poverty","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-rate","display_name":"poverty rate","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-poverty","display_name":"poverty persistence","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-pakistan","display_name":"rural Pakistan","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.9269073009490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5235700011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4970889389514923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.455858051776886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.43552377820014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4235951900482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778452349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19708004","display_name":"Rural poverty","level":3,"score":0.41697216033935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4004844129085541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3072550892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23469668626785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.054095178842544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002190960203700208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27602889","display_name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","issn_l":"0021-9096","issn":["0021-9096","1568-5217","1745-2538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Asian and African Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/386159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/386159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26443618","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/report/Being_Poor_and_Becoming_Poor_Poverty_Status_and_Poverty_Transitions_in_Rural_Pakistan/26443618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opendocs.ids.ac.uk:123456789/3397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401080","display_name":"OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120766","host_organization_name":"Institute of Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120766"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"IDS Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26443618","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/report/Being_Poor_and_Becoming_Poor_Poverty_Status_and_Poverty_Transitions_in_Rural_Pakistan/26443618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W614967026","https://openalex.org/W1491555925","https://openalex.org/W1507966193","https://openalex.org/W1519062533","https://openalex.org/W1568687615","https://openalex.org/W1597117273","https://openalex.org/W1604143114","https://openalex.org/W1717418946","https://openalex.org/W1844053978","https://openalex.org/W1966248378","https://openalex.org/W1997373947","https://openalex.org/W2000535293","https://openalex.org/W2012658469","https://openalex.org/W2016525917","https://openalex.org/W2017871126","https://openalex.org/W2025420122","https://openalex.org/W2026837460","https://openalex.org/W2041283866","https://openalex.org/W2042585397","https://openalex.org/W2053776900","https://openalex.org/W2098964301","https://openalex.org/W2117407660","https://openalex.org/W2141930324","https://openalex.org/W2198847224","https://openalex.org/W2402228200","https://openalex.org/W2796700885","https://openalex.org/W3023026773","https://openalex.org/W3121559115","https://openalex.org/W3126021712","https://openalex.org/W3126091369","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W4235107919","https://openalex.org/W4248535432","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095637647","https://openalex.org/W7098639828","https://openalex.org/W2472821760","https://openalex.org/W6886776579","https://openalex.org/W3093258498","https://openalex.org/W2053917556","https://openalex.org/W177832011","https://openalex.org/W2160405638","https://openalex.org/W2289839182","https://openalex.org/W4281789323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"contrasts":[2],"the":[3,14,33,39,46,58,62,88,91,128,131],"results":[4,29],"of":[5,16,35,53,61,79,87,93,110,116,130],"conventional":[6],"poverty":[7,17,37,56,70,98,111],"status":[8],"regressions":[9],"with":[10],"an":[11],"alternative":[12],"approach,":[13],"analysis":[15],"transitions,":[18],"using":[19,127],"a":[20],"five-year":[21],"longitudinal":[22],"household":[23],"survey":[24],"from":[25,97,108],"rural":[26],"Pakistan.":[27],"The":[28,113],"show":[30],"that":[31,123],"while":[32],"incidence":[34],"income":[36],"in":[38,69,83,103],"sample":[40],"villages":[41],"was":[42,48],"high,":[43],"turnover":[44],"among":[45],"poor":[47,82,133],"rapid.":[49],"Almost":[50],"60":[51],"percent":[52,67,78],"households":[54,80],"experienced":[55],"during":[57],"five":[59,85],"years":[60,86],"panel":[63],"but":[64,105],"only":[65],"35":[66],"stayed":[68],"for":[71],"two":[72],"or":[73],"more":[74],"years.":[75],"Only":[76],"3":[77],"were":[81],"all":[84],"panel.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"correlates":[92],"entries":[94],"and":[95],"exits":[96],"are":[99],"found":[100],"to":[101],"differ":[102],"important":[104],"unexpected":[106],"ways":[107],"those":[109],"status.":[112],"policy":[114],"implications":[115],"these":[117],"findings,":[118],"if":[119],"confirmed":[120],"elsewhere,":[121],"indicate":[122],"targeting":[124],"antipoverty":[125],"policies":[126],"characteristics":[129],"currently":[132],"is":[134],"highly":[135],"problematic.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
