{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055973239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","title":"Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria","display_name":"Outdoor thermal comfort in the old desert city of Beni-Isguen, Algeria","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055973239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","mag":"2055973239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3354/cr028243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","pdf_url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2004/28/c028p243.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56312815","display_name":"Climate Research","issn_l":"0936-577X","issn":["0936-577X","1616-1572"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353060361","host_organization_name":"Inter-Research Science Center","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353060361"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inter-Research Science Center"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Climate Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2004/28/c028p243.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065173349","display_name":"Fazia Ali-Toudert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F Ali-Toudert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meteorological Institute, University of Freiburg, Werderring 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meteorological Institute, University of Freiburg, Werderring 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070572011","display_name":"Moussadek Djenane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-5579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-5579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Djenane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, University Mohamed Khider, 7000 Biskra, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, University Mohamed Khider, 7000 Biskra, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081078744","display_name":"Rafik Bensalem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4917-7811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4917-7811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121355","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme","ror":"https://ror.org/02hy1ey22","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121355"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Bensalem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture of Algiers, EPAU, PO Box 2, El-Harrach, 16000 Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture of Algiers, EPAU, PO Box 2, El-Harrach, 16000 Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102888265","display_name":"Helmut Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-8876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-8876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meteorological Institute, University of Freiburg, Werderring 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meteorological Institute, University of Freiburg, Werderring 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065173349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3944,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95061392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"243","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outdoor-thermal-comfort","display_name":"outdoor thermal comfort","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-geometry","display_name":"urban geometry","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-canyon","display_name":"street canyon","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-dry-climate","display_name":"hot arid climate","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-equivalent-temperature","display_name":"physiological equivalent temperature","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-stress","display_name":"heat stress","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave-radiation","display_name":"shortwave radiation","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longwave-radiation","display_name":"longwave radiation","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-thermal-mass","display_name":"building thermal mass","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"shading","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-profiles","display_name":"street profiles","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-temperature","display_name":"air temperature","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-humidity","display_name":"air humidity","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"wind speed","score":0.9589999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.703476071357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5928440690040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.5337178707122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5279996395111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.4881044328212738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4701331555843353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14400755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190946","display_name":"Desert climate","level":3,"score":0.4654693603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4648496210575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987418964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242165","display_name":"Heat stress","level":2,"score":0.46057841181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993220731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215864","display_name":"Heat wave","level":3,"score":0.4499005079269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992675681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900102","display_name":"Street canyon","level":3,"score":0.42623576521873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.4207441806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909262932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Dry climate","level":2,"score":0.41739344596862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205300905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63100","display_name":"Urban design","level":3,"score":0.41622766852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3869122862815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3053276538848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.29758715629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.28446459770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84859931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150784","display_name":"Canyon","level":2,"score":0.1747506856918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1556720733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.15527302026748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08996060490608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3354/cr028243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","pdf_url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2004/28/c028p243.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56312815","display_name":"Climate Research","issn_l":"0936-577X","issn":["0936-577X","1616-1572"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353060361","host_organization_name":"Inter-Research Science Center","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353060361"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inter-Research Science Center"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Climate Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:freidok.uni-freiburg.de:53398","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/53398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401057","display_name":"FreiDok plus (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","host_organization_name":"University of Freiburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Climate Research. - 28 (2005) , 243-256, ISSN: 0936-577X","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3354/cr028243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr028243","pdf_url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2004/28/c028p243.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56312815","display_name":"Climate Research","issn_l":"0936-577X","issn":["0936-577X","1616-1572"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353060361","host_organization_name":"Inter-Research Science Center","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353060361"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inter-Research Science Center"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Climate Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055973239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055973239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523100134","https://openalex.org/W1544356322","https://openalex.org/W1875239143","https://openalex.org/W1966931108","https://openalex.org/W1977502891","https://openalex.org/W1984631918","https://openalex.org/W2011514442","https://openalex.org/W2011780923","https://openalex.org/W2013817826","https://openalex.org/W2060413392","https://openalex.org/W2060931130","https://openalex.org/W2070611125","https://openalex.org/W2072608585","https://openalex.org/W2076882291","https://openalex.org/W2144175562","https://openalex.org/W2155045381","https://openalex.org/W2403200024","https://openalex.org/W4231001287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019822358","https://openalex.org/W7065401703","https://openalex.org/W4390269152","https://openalex.org/W4385560055","https://openalex.org/W4308521484","https://openalex.org/W4225983829","https://openalex.org/W4385279744","https://openalex.org/W7131080795","https://openalex.org/W2040830527","https://openalex.org/W4297200158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"present":[1],"study":[2,53],"addresses":[3],"the":[4,36,56,59,80,99,113,130,139,166,187,191,227,233,245,259],"issue":[5],"of":[6,38,58,61,84,112,129,162],"outdoor":[7,255],"thermal":[8,46,123,168,183,256],"comfort":[9,124,257],"in":[10,16,24,42,75,79,105,142,149,152,165,190,258],"a":[11,44,95,117,143,176,209],"hot":[12],"and":[13,67,89,122,194,200,221,238],"dry":[14],"climate":[15,145],"relation":[17],"to":[18,30,107,154,174,205,217],"urban":[19,62,77,156,246],"geometry.This":[20],"experimental":[21],"work,":[22],"conducted":[23],"an":[25,109],"old":[26,81],"desert":[27],"city,":[28],"aims":[29],"provide":[31,197],"some":[32],"quantitative":[33],"knowledge":[34],"on":[35,55,244],"effectiveness":[37],"traditional":[39],"design":[40],"forms":[41],"ensuring":[43],"comfortable":[45],"environment":[47,229],"outdoors":[48],"under":[49],"extreme":[50],"summer":[51,73],"conditions.The":[52],"focused":[54],"role":[57],"geometry":[60],"canyons.Air":[63],"temperature,":[64],"air":[65,236,239],"humidity":[66,240],"wind":[68],"speed":[69],"were":[70,102,171],"measured":[71,104],"during":[72],"2003":[74],"various":[76],"streets":[78,179],"Saharan":[82],"city":[83],"Beni-Isguen,":[85],"Algeria":[86],"(32.40\u00b0N).The":[87],"short-wave":[88,214],"long-wave":[90],"radiation":[91,215],"fluxes":[92],"received":[93],"by":[94,116,127,232],"human":[96,210],"body":[97,211],"from":[98,226],"3D":[100],"surroundings":[101],"also":[103,172,222],"order":[106],"allow":[108],"accurate":[110],"calculation":[111],"heat":[114,140,188,202,225],"gained":[115],"pedestrian.Bio-meteorological":[118],"methodology":[119],"was":[120,125],"used":[121],"expressed":[126],"means":[128],"physiologically":[131],"equivalent":[132],"temperature":[133,237],"(PET)":[134],"index.The":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137,241],"that":[138],"stress":[141,189],"hot-dry":[144],"is":[146,161,230],"very":[147],"high":[148,182,193],"unobstructed":[150],"locations":[151],"contrast":[153],"sheltered":[155],"sites.The":[157],"vertical":[158],"street":[159],"profile":[160],"prime":[163],"importance":[164],"resulting":[167],"sensation.Building":[169],"materials":[170,185],"found":[173],"play":[175],"decisive":[177],"role.Deep":[178],"together":[180],"with":[181],"capacity":[184],"mitigate":[186],"daytime.The":[192],"heavy":[195],"walls":[196],"more":[198,201],"shading":[199],"storage,":[203],"leading":[204],"lower":[206],"surfaces":[207],"temperatures.Hence,":[208],"absorbs":[212],"less":[213,223,251],"owing":[216],"reduced":[218],"direct":[219],"exposure,":[220],"radiant":[224],"surrounding":[228],"absorbed":[231],"body.In":[234],"contrast,":[235],"little":[242],"dependence":[243],"geometry.Therefore,":[247],"these":[248],"factors":[249],"are":[250],"relevant":[252],"indicators":[253],"for":[254],"summertime.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}