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6,5670,5688,5744,5799,5812,5834,5891,5907,5912,5918,5928,5940,5989,6043,6050,6122,6274,6336,6344,6348,6408,6428,6436,6444,6456,6458,6463,6467,6475,6514,6532,6589,6639,6657,6663,6678,6759,6776,6788,6807,6833,6841,6863,6884,6906,6941,7009,7016,7035,7046,7053,7068,7091,7098,7114,7141,7159,7169,7172,7217,7235,7250,7304,7339,7346,7353,7390,7427,7442,7482,7526,7538,7555,7566],"representation.":[27,119,163,2287,2556,2805,3149,3234,4762],"Actors,":[28],"with":[29,151,3040,3529,4125,4141,4406,4510,4662,4713,4735,5186,5347,5628,5874,5995,6059,6100,6156,6441,6453,6924,6985,7062,7224,7368,7381],"the":[30,43,45,53,57,61,66,73,76,97,104,115,130,138,142,175,187,193,196,200,210,215,218,224,228,233,247,250,291,298,308,332,337,340,343,367,417,419,472,483,490,493,509,519,539,598,677,702,740,745,751,773,795,805,843,849,861,865,889,904,914,919,923,969,972,977,980,1043,1051,1059,1071,1073,1091,1114,1147,1161,1175,1198,1226,1229,1266,1280,1290,1303,1320,1334,1338,1364,1368,1412,1425,1433,1437,1488,1497,1509,1525,1551,1561,1575,1597,1605,1611,1614,1623,1641,1661,1667,1683,1708,1715,1728,1745,1748,1752,1763,1793,1805,1810,1818,1828,1837,1856,1859,1865,1869,1920,2020,2022,2059,2095,2122,2130,2156,2168,2172,2202,2225,2276,2281,2285,2298,2321,2332,2336,2363,2382,2490,2561,2569,2594,2640,2645,2663,2666,2682,2686,2699,2702,2712,2729,2734,2738,2745,2753,2757,2769,2796,2804,2829,2839,2842,2847,2857,2884,2890,2906,2916,2921,2926,2940,2954,2967,2986,2991,3003,3025,3032,3037,3045,3055,3068,3098,3132,3145,3155,3159,3211,3214,3218,3225,3247,3254,3259,3266,3275,3290,3294,3297,3320,3327,3342,3354,3357,3375,3390,3408,3413,3433,3443,3495,3501,3530,3544,3561,3580,3604,3650,3660,3665,3753,3758,3761,3763,3792,3797,3821,3828,3840,3851,3865,3913,3923,3970,4000,4034,4043,4059,4087,4107,4136,4160,4195,4209,4221,4233,4259,4269,4273,4280,4285,4297,4339,4366,4399,4426,4440,4444,4475,4490,4498,4511,4517,4528,4531,4539,4575,4578,4593,4599,4618,4624,4628,4639,4642,4670,4714,4730,4744,4753,4764,4787,4791,4796,4805,4834,4841,4880,4884,4899,4903,4906,4909,4914,4925,4943,4951,4960,4974,4980,5001,5010,5015,5042,5046,5062,5070,5098,5124,5152,5179,5202,5205,5224,5311,5318,5355,5357,5360,5401,5407,5523,5543,5550,5554,5557,5574,5584,5592,5603,5614,5621,5626,5643,5654,5671,5685,5689,5694,5697,5721,5735,5745,5757,5781,5790,5800,5813,5819,5879,5883,5929,5971,5987,5993,6006,6012,6036,6041,6048,6051,6071,6080,6107,6120,6126,6136,6177,6188,6302,6314,6334,6354,6409,6434,6454,6464,6501,6512,6518,6522,6533,6550,6553,6586,6622,6637,6640,6644,6655,6660,6676,6702,6727,6766,6774,6789,6792,6796,6811,6814,6831,6845,6881,6885,6889,6910,6933,6963,6990,7010,7014,7033,7044,7047,7112,7139,7173,7214,7257,7305,7344,7382,7388,7398,7428,7458,7467,7500,7524,7530,7536,7544,7563],"aid":[31,3651],"sets,":[33,63,86,395,5558],"props,":[34,64],"perhaps":[36,5287,6542],"some":[37,272,728,815,1104,1941,2026,2697,2764,2880,2960,3114,3418,4094,4724,4820,5032,5118,5136,5433,6459,6760,6940,7303],"live":[38],"special":[39,87,1379,5264,5633,5964,6022],"effects,":[40,88],"act":[41,314],"out":[42,2439,2894,2902,3020],"events":[44,52,59,74,77,131,201,207,225,248,848,859,920,1062,1695,1700,1753,2337,2370,2735,2754,2956,3219,3280,3291,3295,3313,3716,3754,3793,3798,3815,4270,4797,5524,5576,5594,5695,5736,5930,5974,5981,5984,6551,6791],"film":[46,304,550,614,850,902,1072,1110,1119,1134,1273,2169,2495,2507,2891,2928,3349,3556,3862,3876,4119,4236,4463,4503,4548,4595,4657,4720,4873,4900,5125,5686,6163,6190,6233,6275,6536,6725,6761,6793,6934,7020],"seeks":[47,4996],"to":[48,167,275,294,306,313,317,384,407,428,436,454,505,555,574,608,634,966,968,1018,1160,1194,1208,1214,1262,1319,1523,1652,1714,1833,1953,1977,1985,2017,2034,2043,2046,2113,2121,2144,2239,2250,2297,2307,2330,2345,2357,2380,2411,2461,2479,2483,2488,2513,2517,2539,2546,2564,2573,2623,2811,2938,2972,3044,3062,3075,3092,3124,3224,3252,3286,3371,3503,3551,3709,3744,3747,3767,3809,3823,3830,3873,3954,3980,4042,4073,4079,4086,4147,4167,4176,4205,4278,4382,4421,4456,4516,4524,4538,4590,4616,4685,4777,4825,4840,4879,4897,4931,4934,4950,4970,4984,4997,5059,5083,5087,5091,5111,5126,5159,5170,5209,5226,5238,5309,5316,5331,5429,5444,5472,5497,5508,5531,5547,5549,5565,5578,5897,5960,5970,5979,6005,6011,6026,6035,6070,6084,6153,6168,6181,6203,6257,6269,6306,6323,6352,6357,6373,6385,6399,6403,6405,6497,6528,6544,6605,6654,6701,6716,6720,6902,6915,6958,6966,7025,7072,7125,7150,7180,7199,7213,7226,7247,7263,7279,7287,7297,7328,7331,7420,7532],"narrate.":[49],"(Call":[50,72],"those":[51,242,604,655,732,856,1421,1594,1699,1782,1789,2065,2070,2107,2293,2312,2386,2548,2588,3174,3269,3312,3835,3847,4359,4696,4812,5160,5372,5536,5566,5726,5761,5765,5898,5982,6105,6770,7126],"story":[54,139,197,211,251,420,924,1074,1115,1230,1749,1829,2157,2173,2226,2968,3215,3298,3391,3722,3822,3852,4245,4256,4792,5672,5698,5722,5758,5814,6502,6534,6812,7174],"told.)":[55],"And":[56,3402,3757,4363,4956,5432,6695,6744,7027,7138],"complex":[58],"involving":[60,712],"actors,":[62],"like":[67,1155,4659,6568,6585,7267],"themselves":[69,134,1697,2372,3719],"recorded":[70,75],"photographically.":[71],"filmed.)":[78],"Since":[79,141,1569,2078,7324,7393],"photographic":[80,123,536,2364,3148,3654,3711,3812,5386,5520,5533,5588,5668,5711,5797,5810,5825,5832,5853,5926,5949,5990,6074,6141,6223,6272,6287,6366,6429,6439,6493,6530,6648,6692,6757,6786,6805,6835,6896,7007,7051,7066,7129,7167,7196,7215,7281,7351,7370,7415,7480,7528],"recording":[81,3655,6549],"acting":[83,2893,4619,4845,4869,4926],"(supplemented":[84],"so":[90,255,382,1177,1760,1799,1992,2878,3308,3340,4185,4928,4964,5236,5307,5581,5922,6718,7031,7042,7284,7322],"forth)":[91],"both":[93,769,1844,4556,4739],"forms":[94,1738,3860,4557,4664,6443],"representation,":[96,2027,2096,4521,4626],"film,":[98,481,2179,3230,3903,4032,4375,4418,5054,5089,5113,5835,6873],"or":[99,704,1961,2001,2694,2767,2816,2913,3021,4033,4056,4846,4905,4936,4999,5056,5090,5359,5559,5568,5786,5875,5878,6580,7085,7087],"at":[100,278,286,1217,1255,1456,2448,3089,3144,3207,3305,3910,4228,4603,5193,5469,5636,5713,5720,5725,6206,6276,6556,6798,6908,7022,7074,7221,7301,7387],"least":[101,287,1457,3911,5194,5470,6557,7075,7222,7302],"each":[102,2691],"sequences":[105],"which":[107,506,1350,1371,1502,2109,2134,3036,3514,4264,4645,4673,4833,4887,5127,5163,5613,5997,6129,6517,6600],"it":[108,161,266,283,355,421,507,567,592,600,625,629,636,694,781,820,822,1242,1344,1464,1530,1628,1672,1690,1773,2097,2110,2126,2159,2233,2327,2544,2577,2724,3086,3107,3381,3399,3422,3455,3463,3483,3524,3567,3729,3750,3755,3765,3794,3885,4124,4355,4513,4606,4693,4888,4967,4995,5107,5115,5128,5164,5189,5276,5278,5320,5481,5699,5715,5859,5869,5998,6130,6135,6145,6183,6185,6226,6304,6308,6317,6372,6384,6390,6685,6711,7040,7089,7110,7293,7484],"is":[109,111,121,165,203,257,267,284,290,336,350,434,488,518,551,586,616,646,660,683,748,782,821,869,961,1016,1036,1088,1101,1127,1135,1205,1228,1234,1240,1243,1254,1274,1328,1377,1406,1415,1466,1555,1607,1616,1644,1673,1691,1755,1759,1770,1807,1952,1976,2080,2111,2127,2149,2176,2231,2234,2328,2343,2359,2453,2465,2516,2523,2559,2614,2631,2725,2759,2814,2825,2918,2950,2975,3129,3142,3198,3222,3314,3344,3350,3440,3632,3667,3727,3730,3738,3741,3766,3785,3849,3863,3906,3943,3966,4014,4022,4188,4200,4250,4287,4307,4323,4353,4376,4471,4486,4492,4497,4533,4648,4658,4711,4781,4889,4927,4959,4968,5104,5121,5192,5263,5271,5335,5383,5487,5507,5664,5676,5691,5739,5754,5860,5865,5887,5920,5934,6061,6079,6131,6164,6176,6186,6227,6305,6318,6402,6419,6433,6506,6686,6708,6712,6735,6895,6998,7030,7093,7187,7192,7198,7209,7220,7245,7438,7452,7485,7534],"composed,":[110],"thus,":[112],"in":[113,154,181,249,302,331,346,391,416,431,458,516,564,582,619,638,657,701,710,723,727,761,814,860,880,888,913,928,957,979,1024,1049,1070,1078,1108,1191,1197,1219,1225,1250,1272,1330,1343,1349,1351,1363,1370,1389,1459,1496,1501,1503,1512,1543,1550,1560,1635,1660,1761,1804,1817,1886,1912,1955,1965,1981,1988,1995,2006,2019,2093,2167,2178,2187,2219,2222,2264,2272,2390,2437,2472,2493,2550,2593,2600,2606,2627,2717,2856,2889,2933,2959,2978,2985,2990,3002,3024,3054,3106,3136,3210,3228,3319,3330,3347,3417,3442,3497,3513,3543,3629,3684,3705,3749,3846,3857,3877,3895,3922,3947,3972,4025,4071,4093,4110,4117,4178,4246,4263,4336,4398,4432,4439,4592,4690,4804,4852,4876,5014,5072,5101,5162,5343,5391,5423,5463,5528,5542,5595,5601,5612,5684,5732,5751,5777,5822,5855,5962,5975,6020,6064,6111,6138,6165,6193,6331,6552,6575,6599,6621,6636,6726,6764,6918,6975,7006,7032,7043,7076,7190,7299,7334,7365,7373,7423,7488,7505,7546,7562],"origin,":[114,4151],"representation":[116,124,144,191,194,345,430,1047,1271,1405,1710,1724,1746,1857,1938,2207,2365,2492,2521,2531,2571,2965,3057,3212,3388,4632,5012,5408],"It":[120,469,687,1087,1100,1253,1758,2288,2464,2619,3141,3221,4249,4668,4710,6866,7244],"set":[127,6574],"events,":[129,137,3836],"filmed,":[132,202,921,4635,4798,5525,5931,6009],"represent":[135,209,1704,3720],"other":[136,467,639,1297,1544,1737,1862,2980,3420,3574,3657,3771,3892,4126,4179,4427,4433,4604,4621,5093,5365,5941,6239,6442,6581,7233],"told.":[140,925,1075,1231,1830,2174,2227,2969,3299,3392,3723,3853,5673,5723,5759,5815,6503],"latter":[143,1860,2758,2917,4035],"clearly":[145,1236,2983,4534,6243],"bears":[146],"strong":[147,2142],"points":[148,1729,2740],"contact":[150,5346],"found":[153,4154,5142,5150],"theater,":[155,4130],"we":[156,405,424,514,530,653,674,725,735,878,886,934,953,975,984,994,1007,1030,1067,1248,1259,1345,1353,1359,1366,1372,1387,1471,1494,1505,1519,1577,1585,1600,1620,1658,1802,1815,1922,2071,2087,2217,2340,2377,2397,2404,2426,2431,2456,2468,3178,3191,3194,3241,3250,3368,3536,3564,3578,3596,3608,3624,3627,3675,3707,3804,3807,3844,3855,3870,3881,3900,3932,3968,3977,4100,4139,4369,4379,4386,4402,4767,5337,5460,5526,5560,5590,5630,5666,5682,5708,5728,5749,5763,5807,5828,5924,5945,6094,6266,6290,6320,6369,6380,6421,6488,6772,6784,6828,6847,7362,7378,7405,7409,7454,7503,7514,7522],"may":[157,1520,2988,2996,3101,4008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