{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055823942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","title":"Novel insights into the development and maintenance of the blood\u2013brain barrier","display_name":"Novel insights into the development and maintenance of the blood\u2013brain barrier","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055823942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","mag":"2055823942","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24590145","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3972432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139399906","display_name":"Cell and Tissue Research","issn_l":"0302-766X","issn":["0302-766X","1432-0878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell and Tissue Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069271331","display_name":"Britta Engelhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-9846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-9846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Britta Engelhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland, bengel@tki.unibe.ch","University of Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012, Bern, Switzerland, bengel@tki.unibe.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028953672","display_name":"Stefan Liebner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-2258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-2258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132578","display_name":"University Hospital Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/03f6n9m15","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132578"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Liebner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany","University Hospital Frankfurt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital Frankfurt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028953672","https://openalex.org/A5069271331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I4210132578"],"apc_list":{"value":5290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5290},"apc_paid":{"value":5290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5290},"fwci":2.2032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":324,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"355","issue":"3","first_page":"687","last_page":"699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10422","display_name":"Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tight-junctions","display_name":"tight junctions","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wnt-beta-catenin-signaling","display_name":"Wnt/\u03b2-catenin signaling","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hedgehog-signaling","display_name":"Hedgehog signaling","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpr124","display_name":"GPR124","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bbb-dysfunction","display_name":"BBB dysfunction","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumors","display_name":"brain tumors","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-cell-differentiation","display_name":"endothelial differentiation","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.8380383253097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780394083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539568","display_name":"Angiogenesis","level":2,"score":0.7422330975532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6685665249824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177779419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053832","display_name":"Tight junction","level":2,"score":0.6085890531539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5930896997451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776992346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111140","display_name":"Endothelium","level":2,"score":0.5596438050270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.5588635802268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137620995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155769","display_name":"Wnt signaling pathway","level":3,"score":0.5379759073257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5101578831672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.2509646415710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.1483345329761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.06483712792396545}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019108","descriptor_name":"Tight Junctions","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019108","descriptor_name":"Tight Junctions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051176","descriptor_name":"beta Catenin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060449","descriptor_name":"Wnt Signaling Pathway","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139399906","display_name":"Cell and Tissue Research","issn_l":"0302-766X","issn":["0302-766X","1432-0878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell and Tissue Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2959616","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3972432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3972432","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3972432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Tissue Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24590145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24590145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell and tissue research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doc.rero.ch:326350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/326350/files/441_2014_Article_1811.pdf","pdf_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/326350/files/441_2014_Article_1811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400148","display_name":"reroDoc Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.816.7132","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.816.7132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/36/15/441_2014_Article_1811.PMC3972432.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.7892/boris.66359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/131642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:66359","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/66359/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engelhardt, Britta; Liebner, Stefan (2014). Novel insights into the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Cell and tissue research, 355(3), pp. 687-699. Springer 10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2>","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.7892/boris.66359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.66359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.66359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053152","display_name":"Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139399906","display_name":"Cell and Tissue Research","issn_l":"0302-766X","issn":["0302-766X","1432-0878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell and Tissue Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7055321765","display_name":"Blood-brain barrier junctions as targets for paracellular drug delivery to the brain","funder_award_id":"241861","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055823942.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055823942.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79267810","https://openalex.org/W160981812","https://openalex.org/W640170556","https://openalex.org/W1608769739","https://openalex.org/W1679229092","https://openalex.org/W1892599478","https://openalex.org/W1924595537","https://openalex.org/W1968695781","https://openalex.org/W1971119095","https://openalex.org/W1973418567","https://openalex.org/W1973763077","https://openalex.org/W1976914164","https://openalex.org/W1978032161","https://openalex.org/W1981336107","https://openalex.org/W1982252520","https://openalex.org/W1982486040","https://openalex.org/W1985474890","https://openalex.org/W1990251289","https://openalex.org/W1992127683","https://openalex.org/W1993022928","https://openalex.org/W1994028945","https://openalex.org/W1997010751","https://openalex.org/W1997889647","https://openalex.org/W2001726213","https://openalex.org/W2004365491","https://openalex.org/W2004381763","https://openalex.org/W2005447528","https://openalex.org/W2005455824","https://openalex.org/W2006740852","https://openalex.org/W2009193373","https://openalex.org/W2013517841","https://openalex.org/W2014712282","https://openalex.org/W2014779210","https://openalex.org/W2017193637","https://openalex.org/W2017912617","https://openalex.org/W2021659118","https://openalex.org/W2023535430","https://openalex.org/W2028561648","https://openalex.org/W2032112615","https://openalex.org/W2032432537","https://openalex.org/W2033261072","https://openalex.org/W2034495888","https://openalex.org/W2036599709","https://openalex.org/W2038093520","https://openalex.org/W2042335929","https://openalex.org/W2042836230","https://openalex.org/W2045454822","https://openalex.org/W2048185125","https://openalex.org/W2050589760","https://openalex.org/W2052307176","https://openalex.org/W2053432977","https://openalex.org/W2056856515","https://openalex.org/W2058445657","https://openalex.org/W2059614045","https://openalex.org/W2060188196","https://openalex.org/W2060742007","https://openalex.org/W2066456560","https://openalex.org/W2068687342","https://openalex.org/W2070306500","https://openalex.org/W2072172632","https://openalex.org/W2073290778","https://openalex.org/W2073551059","https://openalex.org/W2074322591","https://openalex.org/W2076473532","https://openalex.org/W2076503648","https://openalex.org/W2076541146","https://openalex.org/W2077216169","https://openalex.org/W2081024643","https://openalex.org/W2088342479","https://openalex.org/W2088999149","https://openalex.org/W2091286015","https://openalex.org/W2091805482","https://openalex.org/W2091911439","https://openalex.org/W2092908960","https://openalex.org/W2104567497","https://openalex.org/W2106369370","https://openalex.org/W2107325549","https://openalex.org/W2108340830","https://openalex.org/W2109290881","https://openalex.org/W2111334408","https://openalex.org/W2112004776","https://openalex.org/W2112251383","https://openalex.org/W2112917637","https://openalex.org/W2114257111","https://openalex.org/W2114834794","https://openalex.org/W2115167653","https://openalex.org/W2115716038","https://openalex.org/W2118737843","https://openalex.org/W2119734225","https://openalex.org/W2121903406","https://openalex.org/W2129899399","https://openalex.org/W2130962254","https://openalex.org/W2131643813","https://openalex.org/W2135835127","https://openalex.org/W2141852514","https://openalex.org/W2143979909","https://openalex.org/W2146120007","https://openalex.org/W2149107731","https://openalex.org/W2149429081","https://openalex.org/W2152562608","https://openalex.org/W2153136319","https://openalex.org/W2153398041","https://openalex.org/W2154793195","https://openalex.org/W2159821105","https://openalex.org/W2164356078","https://openalex.org/W2165122639","https://openalex.org/W2375210690","https://openalex.org/W2616794361","https://openalex.org/W3120965306","https://openalex.org/W4230461930","https://openalex.org/W4231307975","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100278613","https://openalex.org/W3134887266","https://openalex.org/W7125531257","https://openalex.org/W2086752965","https://openalex.org/W2960814873","https://openalex.org/W2044621573","https://openalex.org/W996935101","https://openalex.org/W2040190199","https://openalex.org/W2119195037","https://openalex.org/W3175548121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,118],"blood-brain":[1],"barrier":[2,64,120,211],"(BBB)":[3],"is":[4,16,25,83,100,186],"essential":[5],"for":[6,19,65],"maintaining":[7,210],"homeostasis":[8],"within":[9,138],"the":[10,34,42,59,80,93,98,111,139,147,205,214],"central":[11],"nervous":[12],"system":[13],"(CNS)":[14],"and":[15,39,45,49,77,85,135,151,157,166,168,177,197],"a":[17,62,114],"prerequisite":[18],"proper":[20],"neuronal":[21],"function.":[22],"BBB":[24,60,81,123,175,184,216],"localized":[26],"to":[27],"microvascular":[28],"endothelial":[29,90,124],"cells":[30,91,125],"that":[31,171,183],"strictly":[32],"control":[33],"passage":[35],"of":[36,41,51,74,110,122],"metabolites":[37],"into":[38,204],"out":[40],"CNS.":[43,141],"Complex":[44],"continuous":[46],"tight":[47,63],"junctions":[48],"lack":[50],"fenestrae":[52],"combined":[53],"with":[54,71,133,188],"low":[55],"pinocytotic":[56],"activity":[57],"make":[58],"endothelium":[61,82],"water":[66],"soluble":[67],"moleucles.":[68],"In":[69,142],"combination":[70],"its":[72],"expression":[73],"specific":[75],"enzymes":[76],"transport":[78],"molecules,":[79],"unique":[84],"distinguishable":[86],"from":[87,105],"all":[88],"other":[89],"in":[92,113,174,209,213],"body.":[94],"During":[95],"embryonic":[96],"development,":[97],"CNS":[99,112,129],"vascularized":[101],"by":[102,131],"angiogenic":[103],"sprouting":[104],"vascular":[106],"networks":[107],"originating":[108],"outside":[109],"precise":[115],"spatio-temporal":[116],"manner.":[117],"particular":[119],"characteristics":[121,212],"are":[126,172],"induced":[127],"during":[128],"angiogenesis":[130,156],"cross-talk":[132],"cellular":[134,150],"acellular":[136],"elements":[137],"developing":[140],"this":[143],"review,":[144],"we":[145,200],"summarize":[146],"currently":[148],"known":[149],"molecular":[152,206],"mechanisms":[153,207],"mediating":[154],"brain":[155,198],"introduce":[158],"more":[159],"recently":[160],"discovered":[161],"CNS-specific":[162],"pathways":[163],"(Wnt/\u03b2-catenin,":[164],"Norrin/Frizzled4":[165],"hedgehog)":[167],"molecules":[169],"(GPR124)":[170],"crucial":[173],"differentiation":[176],"maturation.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"based":[180],"on":[181],"observations":[182],"dysfunction":[185],"associated":[187],"many":[189],"human":[190],"diseases":[191],"such":[192],"as":[193],"multiple":[194],"sclerosis,":[195],"stroke":[196],"tumors,":[199],"discuss":[201],"recent":[202],"insights":[203],"involved":[208],"mature":[215],"endothelium.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}