{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055458158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120903144833","title":"Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Provision of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","display_name":"Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Provision of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055458158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120903144833","mag":"2055458158","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19731160","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10903120903144833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120903144833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120903144833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41500138","display_name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","issn_l":"1090-3127","issn":["1090-3127","1545-0066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041986","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael J. Mitchell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA","University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069874662","display_name":"Benjamin A. Stubbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135288348","display_name":"Public Health \u2013 Seattle & King County","ror":"https://ror.org/054652k97","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135288348"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin A. Stubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135288348"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083808629","display_name":"Mickey S. Eisenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-2090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-2090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135288348","display_name":"Public Health \u2013 Seattle & King County","ror":"https://ror.org/054652k97","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135288348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mickey S. Eisenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135288348","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135288348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89908366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"478","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10292","display_name":"Acute Myocardial Infarction Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bystander-cpr","display_name":"bystander CPR","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispatcher-assisted-cpr","display_name":"dispatcher-assisted CPR","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrest","display_name":"cardiac arrest","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpr-training","display_name":"CPR training","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medical-dispatch","display_name":"emergency medical dispatch","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/king-county-washington","display_name":"King County, Washington","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8633525967597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777055891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185325","display_name":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation","level":3,"score":0.8245048522949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19106626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230749","display_name":"Bystander effect","level":2,"score":0.7776521444320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6293967366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5358342528343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.5137428045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5099467039108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4120102524757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.3332177400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22558853030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.16547441482543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004632","descriptor_name":"Emergency Medical Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016887","descriptor_name":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10903120903144833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120903144833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120903144833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41500138","display_name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","issn_l":"1090-3127","issn":["1090-3127","1545-0066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19731160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19731160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prehospital emergency care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3041986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Prehosp Emerg Care","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3041986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Prehosp Emerg Care","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3686473658","display_name":"Institute of Translational Health Sciences","funder_award_id":"UL1TR000423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3973744534","display_name":"Institute for Translational Health Science (TL1)","funder_award_id":"TL1RR025016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965048652","https://openalex.org/W1975700555","https://openalex.org/W1980262423","https://openalex.org/W1980934211","https://openalex.org/W1984658498","https://openalex.org/W1992994175","https://openalex.org/W1994116524","https://openalex.org/W2003922776","https://openalex.org/W2005209498","https://openalex.org/W2012985419","https://openalex.org/W2018475447","https://openalex.org/W2020627055","https://openalex.org/W2029392826","https://openalex.org/W2031162571","https://openalex.org/W2042371754","https://openalex.org/W2047027145","https://openalex.org/W2049329813","https://openalex.org/W2059807556","https://openalex.org/W2070833784","https://openalex.org/W2086296563","https://openalex.org/W2090213983","https://openalex.org/W2095615036","https://openalex.org/W2097800881","https://openalex.org/W2099431025","https://openalex.org/W2105796979","https://openalex.org/W2111466178","https://openalex.org/W2111674232","https://openalex.org/W2113569434","https://openalex.org/W2114291357","https://openalex.org/W2123422344","https://openalex.org/W2140864935","https://openalex.org/W2141106206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1431043023","https://openalex.org/W2101552564","https://openalex.org/W4221072458","https://openalex.org/W2949296928","https://openalex.org/W7126277353","https://openalex.org/W2555835273","https://openalex.org/W2105796979","https://openalex.org/W2337840608","https://openalex.org/W2768099997","https://openalex.org/W3027825099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Although":[1],"socioeconomic":[2],"status":[3],"(SES)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6,14],"linked":[7],"to":[8,56,90,105,169],"multiple":[9,133],"health":[10],"outcomes,":[11],"there":[12],"have":[13],"few":[15],"studies":[16,36],"of":[17,20,25,40,44,49,65,86,114,117,124,127,151,161,173,181,193,205,211,225,233,238,260,268,271,301,318],"the":[18,23,42,47,58,63,111,115,118,125,149,159,171,179,206,234,257,261,269],"effect":[19,43,150],"SES":[21,45,61,126,295],"on":[22,41,46],"provision":[24,48,64,160,180,270],"bystander":[26,51,66,162,182,198,216,230,242,272,278,286,294,302],"cardiopulmonary":[27],"resuscitation":[28],"(CPR)":[29],"during":[30],"cardiac":[31,87,91,119,194,262],"arrest":[32,120,195,263],"events":[33],"and":[34,62,144,153,185,248,265,277,305,316],"no":[35,285],"that":[37,73,156,292,312],"we":[38,251],"know":[39],"dispatcher-assisted":[50,229],"CPR.":[52,163,199,287],"This":[53,79,289],"study":[54,80,208,290],"sought":[55],"define":[57],"relationship":[59],"between":[60,256],"CPR":[67,76,183,219,231,273,279,303,309],"in":[68,94,97],"an":[69,122],"emergency":[70],"medical":[71],"system":[72,154],"includes":[74],"dispatcher-provided":[75],"instructions.":[77,222,308],"METHODS:":[78],"was":[81],"a":[82,253],"retrospective,":[83],"cohort":[84],"analysis":[85],"arrests":[88],"due":[89],"causes":[92],"occurring":[93],"private":[95],"residences":[96],"King":[98],"County,":[99],"Washington,":[100],"from":[101,135],"January":[102],"1,":[103],"1999,":[104],"December":[106],"31,":[107],"2005.":[108],"We":[109,146],"used":[110,168],"tax-assessed":[112,258],"value":[113,259],"location":[116,264],"as":[121,130,132],"estimate":[123],"potential":[128],"bystanders":[129],"well":[131],"measures":[134],"2000":[136],"Census":[137],"data":[138],"(education,":[139],"employment,":[140],"median":[141],"household":[142],"income,":[143],"race/ethnicity).":[145],"also":[147],"examined":[148],"patient":[152],"characteristics":[155],"may":[157,322],"affect":[158],"Logistic":[164],"regression":[165],"models":[166],"were":[167],"analyze":[170],"association":[172,255],"these":[174,319],"factors":[175],"with":[176,184,280,284,298,304],"two":[177],"outcomes:":[178],"without":[186,220,274,306],"dispatcher":[187,275,281,307],"assistance.":[188],"RESULTS:":[189],"Forty-four":[190],"percent":[191],"(1,151/2,618)":[192],"victims":[196],"received":[197,214,218,228],"Four":[200],"hundred":[201],"fifty-seven":[202],"people":[203,227],"(17.5%":[204],"entire":[207,235],"population,":[209,236],"39.7%":[210],"those":[212,239],"who":[213],"any":[215,241],"CPR)":[217],"telephone":[221],"A":[223],"total":[224],"694":[226],"(25.6%":[232],"60.4%":[237],"receiving":[240],"CPR).":[243],"After":[244],"adjusting":[245],"for":[246],"demographic":[247],"care":[249],"factors,":[250],"found":[252],"strong":[254],"increased":[266,299],"odds":[267],"instructions":[276],"assistance":[282],"compared":[283],"CONCLUSIONS:":[288],"suggests":[291],"higher":[293],"is":[296],"associated":[297],"rates":[300],"training":[310,320],"programs":[311],"target":[313],"lower-SES":[314],"communities":[315],"assessment":[317],"methods":[321],"be":[323],"warranted.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}