{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055432425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0046","title":"Moving from the letter of the law to the spirit of the law: the challenges of realising the intent of employment equity and affirmative action","display_name":"Moving from the letter of the law to the spirit of the law: the challenges of realising the intent of employment equity and affirmative action","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055432425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0046","mag":"2055432425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/trn.2011.0046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201711328","display_name":"Transformation","issn_l":"0258-7696","issn":["0258-7696","1726-1368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004481479","display_name":"Stella M. Nkomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-631X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-631X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stella Nkomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004481479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.4642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98940052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"1","first_page":"122","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12775","display_name":"Legal Issues in South Africa","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12775","display_name":"Legal Issues in South Africa","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11695","display_name":"South African History and Culture","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-equity-act","display_name":"Employment Equity Act","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-equity","display_name":"employment equity","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-interpretation","display_name":"legal interpretation","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"diversity","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-labour-law","display_name":"South African labour law","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-studies","display_name":"case studies","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.909295916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.7262940406799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6558467745780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4721389412879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.39838725328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3955046236515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3432243764400482}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/trn.2011.0046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201711328","display_name":"Transformation","issn_l":"0258-7696","issn":["0258-7696","1726-1368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/465462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/465462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/18446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102041209","https://openalex.org/W324846956","https://openalex.org/W618490765","https://openalex.org/W641686835","https://openalex.org/W1504316460","https://openalex.org/W1520075614","https://openalex.org/W1555233099","https://openalex.org/W1582075734","https://openalex.org/W1582593075","https://openalex.org/W1590140528","https://openalex.org/W1774417005","https://openalex.org/W1840900845","https://openalex.org/W1862412488","https://openalex.org/W1880607878","https://openalex.org/W1992522341","https://openalex.org/W1993610694","https://openalex.org/W1994411451","https://openalex.org/W1997638227","https://openalex.org/W2007850268","https://openalex.org/W2020957670","https://openalex.org/W2024119158","https://openalex.org/W2054593533","https://openalex.org/W2056812707","https://openalex.org/W2061231910","https://openalex.org/W2069629432","https://openalex.org/W2081798027","https://openalex.org/W2095637378","https://openalex.org/W2096731204","https://openalex.org/W2109337337","https://openalex.org/W2113986512","https://openalex.org/W2126018010","https://openalex.org/W2141432205","https://openalex.org/W2143011580","https://openalex.org/W2143645464","https://openalex.org/W2803172425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482632465","https://openalex.org/W2236170029","https://openalex.org/W2339003543","https://openalex.org/W2337527149","https://openalex.org/W417400718","https://openalex.org/W2916097540","https://openalex.org/W2093464644","https://openalex.org/W1608385904","https://openalex.org/W2141282926","https://openalex.org/W2150704351"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41],"letter":[1],"of":[2,8,43,63,78],"the":[3,6,9,48,61,68,76],"law":[4,10,21,30],"versus":[5],"spirit":[7],"is":[11,58],"an":[12],"idiomatic":[13,45],"antithesis":[14],"which":[15],"suggests":[16],"that":[17],"in":[18],"interpreting":[19],"a":[20,29],"there":[22],"are":[23],"two":[24,64],"choices.":[25],"One":[26],"can":[27,34],"approach":[28],"literally":[31],"or":[32],"one":[33],"instead":[35],"focus":[36],"on":[37],"its":[38,53],"intent":[39],".":[40],"relevance":[42],"this":[44],"opposition":[46],"to":[47,70],"Employment":[49],"Equity":[50],"Act":[51],"and":[52,74],"provision":[54],"for":[55],"affirmative":[56],"action":[57],"interrogated":[59],"through":[60],"presentation":[62],"case":[65],"studies":[66],"demonstrating":[67],"obstacles":[69],"fully":[71],"embracing":[72],"equity":[73],"valuing":[75],"diversity":[77],"South":[79],"African":[80],"society.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}