{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055069633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","title":"Stark Localization in GaAs-GaAlAs Superlattices under an Electric Field","display_name":"Stark Localization in GaAs-GaAlAs Superlattices under an Electric Field","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055069633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","mag":"2055069633","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10038348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113743360","display_name":"Emilio E. Mendez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. E. Mendez","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102779974","display_name":"Fernando Agull\u00f3-Rueda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-1987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-1987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Agull\u00f3-Rueda","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. M. Hong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.57,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":893,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99993984,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"23","first_page":"2426","last_page":"2429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stark-localization","display_name":"Stark localization","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaas-algaas-superlattices","display_name":"GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-effects","display_name":"electric field effects","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoluminescence-shift","display_name":"photoluminescence shift","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocurrent","display_name":"photocurrent","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exciton-binding-energy","display_name":"exciton binding energy","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupled-quantum-wells","display_name":"coupled quantum wells","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stark-ladder","display_name":"Stark ladder","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-carrier-localization","display_name":"carrier localization","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-quantum-wells","display_name":"multiple quantum wells","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105382558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332431","display_name":"Superlattice","level":2,"score":0.8478817939758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.6675952076911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6529853940010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.6052844524383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.6012815237045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85080765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614893","display_name":"Photoluminescence","level":2,"score":0.5831465721130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17729963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858289","display_name":"Exciton","level":2,"score":0.5764234662055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521166","display_name":"Quantum well","level":3,"score":0.5208728313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50126897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389407","display_name":"Stark effect","level":3,"score":0.5194284915924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5112431049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.478387713432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4719330966472626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.4119527041912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27708888053894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14860254526138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10985749959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.2426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10038348","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10038348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963659128","https://openalex.org/W2001186072","https://openalex.org/W2008072521","https://openalex.org/W2015865406","https://openalex.org/W2018600913","https://openalex.org/W2024475642","https://openalex.org/W2047540262","https://openalex.org/W2091874995","https://openalex.org/W2092624371","https://openalex.org/W2093729614","https://openalex.org/W2314273427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321520902","https://openalex.org/W2016567681","https://openalex.org/W2079556141","https://openalex.org/W1971635343","https://openalex.org/W1972893271","https://openalex.org/W2039143242","https://openalex.org/W1997008575","https://openalex.org/W2312324752","https://openalex.org/W2088415448","https://openalex.org/W2022575538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"observed":[2,45],"that":[3,79,91],"a":[4,19,31],"strong":[5],"electric":[6],"field":[7],"$\\mathcal{E}$":[8],"shifts":[9,48],"to":[10,36,89],"higher":[11],"energies":[12],"the":[13,50,55,68,82,96],"photoluminescence":[14],"and":[15,46,85,87],"photocurrent":[16],"peaks":[17,78],"of":[18,22,34,54,95],"GaAs-${\\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.65}$${\\mathrm{Al}}_{0.35}$As":[20],"superlattice":[21],"period":[23],"$D$":[24],"(=65":[25],"\\AA{}),":[26],"which":[27],"we":[28],"explain":[29],"by":[30,75],"field-induced":[32,52],"localization":[33],"carriers":[35],"isolated":[37],"quantum":[38],"wells.":[39],"Good":[40],"agreement":[41],"is":[42,59,73],"found":[43],"between":[44,70],"calculated":[47],"when":[49],"large":[51],"increase":[53],"exciton":[56],"binding":[57],"energy":[58],"taken":[60],"into":[61],"account.":[62],"At":[63],"moderate":[64],"fields":[65],"[\\ensuremath{\\cong}(2-3)\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}${10}^{4}$":[66],"V/cm],":[67],"coupling":[69],"adjacent":[71],"wells":[72],"manifested":[74],"four":[76],"additional":[77],"shift":[80],"at":[81],"rates":[83],"$\\ifmmode\\pm\\else\\textpm\\fi{}e\\mathcal{E}D$":[84],"$\\ifmmode\\pm\\else\\textpm\\fi{}2e\\mathcal{E}D$":[86],"correspond":[88],"transitions":[90],"involve":[92],"different":[93],"levels":[94],"Stark":[97],"ladder.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}