{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054986526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","title":"How Aid Tying Can Impose Additional Cost on Aid Recipients: Evidence on Ghana","display_name":"How Aid Tying Can Impose Additional Cost on Aid Recipients: Evidence on Ghana","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054986526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","mag":"2054986526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33443600","display_name":"African Development Review","issn_l":"1017-6772","issn":["1017-6772","1467-8268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072124083","display_name":"Barfour Osei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330402449","display_name":"African Development Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqz0k77","country_code":"CI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330402449"]}],"countries":["CI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barfour Osei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Principal Research Economist, African Development Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Research Economist, African Development Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330402449"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072124083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330402449"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93908323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"348","last_page":"365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-mark-up","display_name":"price mark-up","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-aid","display_name":"bilateral aid","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-climate","display_name":"investment climate","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-risk","display_name":"investment risk","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-finance","display_name":"export financing","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-liberalization","display_name":"market liberalization","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5722206830978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4682154655456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.45517000555992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.45108872652053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973710","display_name":"Tying","level":2,"score":0.43906164169311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.43696245551109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549774020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147","display_name":"Welfare economics","level":1,"score":0.3923288881778717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15674707293510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1358671486377716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.1309516727924347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.12253177165985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00119.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33443600","display_name":"African Development Review","issn_l":"1017-6772","issn":["1017-6772","1467-8268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573212847","https://openalex.org/W648732726","https://openalex.org/W1525537383","https://openalex.org/W1978781038","https://openalex.org/W2034264227","https://openalex.org/W2067631344","https://openalex.org/W2070775205","https://openalex.org/W2097301799","https://openalex.org/W2131665887","https://openalex.org/W2330715223","https://openalex.org/W2479065270","https://openalex.org/W2799548855","https://openalex.org/W4237102159","https://openalex.org/W4302441768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147834120","https://openalex.org/W2107437521","https://openalex.org/W7096520416","https://openalex.org/W1525537383","https://openalex.org/W3125374337","https://openalex.org/W2030156495","https://openalex.org/W2337938572","https://openalex.org/W6991256708","https://openalex.org/W3126099723","https://openalex.org/W3123517228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,29],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,13,35,59,66,92,99,109,120,123,129,139,157,164,167],"prices":[5,36,104],"of":[6,37,83,94,105,111,125,131,166],"tied":[7,17,38,106,143],"foreign":[8],"aid":[9,18,39,169],"imports":[10,19,22,40,144],"by":[11],"estimating":[12],"price":[14,68,149],"differentials":[15],"between":[16],"and":[20,57],"non-aid":[21,43],"from":[23],"bilateral":[24,168],"sources":[25],"to":[26,42,50,72,75,97,101,118,152,154,171],"Ghana.":[27,51,172],"The":[28],"finds":[30],"a":[31,81,147,161],"significant":[32],"mark-up":[33],"on":[34,142],"relative":[41],"imports,":[44],"which":[45,87],"translates":[46],"into":[47],"substantial":[48],"cost":[49,159],"Several":[52],"reasons,":[53],"both":[54],"in":[55,58,88],"Ghana":[56,70,150],"donor":[60,112],"countries,":[61,113],"could":[62],"be":[63,116,146],"found":[64],"for":[65,122,163],"estimated":[67],"differentials.":[69],"needs":[71],"take":[73],"steps":[74],"improve":[76],"its":[77],"investment":[78,85],"climate,":[79],"as":[80],"way":[82],"reducing":[84],"risk,":[86],"turn":[89],"will":[90],"enhance":[91],"confidence":[93],"export":[95],"financiers":[96],"reduce":[98],"incentive":[100],"mark":[102],"up":[103],"commodities.":[107],"On":[108],"part":[110],"there":[114],"may":[115,145],"need":[117],"examine":[119],"market":[121],"supply":[124],"aided":[126],"commodities":[127],"towards":[128],"liberalization":[130],"such":[132],"markets.":[133],"It":[134],"is":[135],"suggested":[136],"that":[137],"although":[138],"higher":[140],"costs":[141],"necessary":[148],"had":[151],"pay":[153],"obtain":[155],"aid,":[156],"associated":[158],"provides":[160],"case":[162],"cancellation":[165],"debt":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}