{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054931014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","title":"Numerical Analysis on Polarization-Induced Doping III-Nitride n-i-p Solar Cells","display_name":"Numerical Analysis on Polarization-Induced Doping III-Nitride n-i-p Solar Cells","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054931014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","mag":"2054931014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/07014228.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/07014228.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074369346","display_name":"Ya\u2010Ju Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-682X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-682X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Ju Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","Inst. of Electro-Opt. Sci. & Technol., Nat. Taiwan Normal Univ., Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electro-Opt. Sci. & Technol., Nat. Taiwan Normal Univ., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112029960","display_name":"Yung-Chi Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3677-0132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3677-0132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Chi Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102250383","display_name":"Zu\u2010Po Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-8203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-8203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zu-Po Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Institute of Photonic systems, National Chiao Tung University Tainan Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonic systems, National Chiao Tung University Tainan Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.4164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61405497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.16529999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iii-nitride-solar-cells","display_name":"III-nitride solar cells","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-i-p-solar-cells","display_name":"n-i-p solar cells","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-charge","display_name":"polarization charge","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-discontinuity","display_name":"band discontinuity","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterointerface","display_name":"heterointerface","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-operation","display_name":"low-temperature operation","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-freeze-out","display_name":"thermal freeze-out","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.6063154339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5252125859260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4740341007709503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4390799403190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4369162321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104232198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865807","display_name":"Charge carrier","level":2,"score":0.42917561531066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.41531679034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35404062271118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34151536226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2069561779499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.20089736580848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11234313249588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0811949372291565}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/07014228.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74a59ea72ea540ed8d4919251b66c64b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74a59ea72ea540ed8d4919251b66c64b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2392374","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/07014228.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1284697762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 103-2112-M-003-008-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2773556401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 104\u20132622\u2013M\u2013003\u2013001\u2013CC2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4355399301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC 102\u20132218\u2013E\u2013009\u2013017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054931014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054931014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563571957","https://openalex.org/W1971958003","https://openalex.org/W1987634659","https://openalex.org/W1990828041","https://openalex.org/W1996041743","https://openalex.org/W2009116750","https://openalex.org/W2010605803","https://openalex.org/W2010858585","https://openalex.org/W2017051527","https://openalex.org/W2017584544","https://openalex.org/W2022187304","https://openalex.org/W2028239833","https://openalex.org/W2030138482","https://openalex.org/W2036919364","https://openalex.org/W2039287073","https://openalex.org/W2039677766","https://openalex.org/W2040823777","https://openalex.org/W2053116534","https://openalex.org/W2054060080","https://openalex.org/W2054732275","https://openalex.org/W2063365379","https://openalex.org/W2073870456","https://openalex.org/W2079537193","https://openalex.org/W2084688533","https://openalex.org/W2084705334","https://openalex.org/W2108033831","https://openalex.org/W2129051596","https://openalex.org/W2147065070","https://openalex.org/W2157738319","https://openalex.org/W2165932898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2761234782","https://openalex.org/W4323824370","https://openalex.org/W2163762059","https://openalex.org/W3213052342","https://openalex.org/W2075418437","https://openalex.org/W4417183269","https://openalex.org/W2258846742","https://openalex.org/W2029075065","https://openalex.org/W2801569641","https://openalex.org/W2787822042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"design":[1],"and":[2,15,54,68,76,106,109,123],"numerically":[3],"evaluate":[4],"a":[5,84],"new":[6],"type":[7],"of":[8,22,46,73,88,92,111,140,145],"III-nitride":[9,153],"n-i-p":[10,154],"solar":[11,155],"cells":[12,156],"whose":[13],"p-":[14,67],"n-type":[16,69],"regions":[17,125],"with":[18,114],"equal":[19],"carrier":[20],"concentration":[21,139],"3":[23],"\u00d7":[24],"1018cm-3are":[25],"not":[26,133],"generated":[27],"by":[28,33,41,128,134],"extrinsic":[29],"impurity":[30],"doping":[31,152],"but":[32,132],"the":[34,42,65,74,89,93,100,120,135,138,150],"so-called":[35],"polarization-induced":[36,151],"doping,":[37],"which":[38,98],"is":[39,143],"induced":[40],"graded":[43],"InxGa1-xN":[44],"layers":[45],"linearly":[47],"increasing":[48],"(from":[49,56],"x=":[50,57],"0%":[51],"to":[52,59,63],"30%)":[53],"decreasing":[55],"30%":[58],"0%)":[60],"indium":[61],"composition":[62],"construct":[64],"conductive":[66,121],"regions,":[70],"respectively.":[71],"Because":[72],"identical":[75],"uniform":[77],"polarization":[78],"charges":[79],"within":[80],"each":[81],"unit":[82],"cell,":[83],"smooth":[85],"spatial":[86],"variation":[87],"potential":[90],"profile":[91],"device":[94],"is,":[95],"hence,":[96],"expected,":[97],"mitigates":[99],"energy":[101],"band":[102],"discontinuities":[103],"at":[104,166],"heterointerfaces":[105],"facilitates":[107],"transportation":[108],"collection":[110],"photogenerated":[112],"carriers":[113,142],"high":[115],"efficiency.":[116],"Most":[117],"importantly,":[118],"as":[119],"n-":[122],"p-type":[124],"are":[126],"formed":[127],"electrostatic":[129],"field":[130],"ionization":[131],"thermal":[136,146],"activation,":[137],"field-induced":[141],"independent":[144],"freeze-out":[147],"effects.":[148],"Thus,":[149],"can":[157],"provide":[158],"stable":[159],"power":[160],"conversion":[161],"efficiency,":[162],"even":[163],"when":[164],"operated":[165],"low":[167],"temperatures.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}