{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054887380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.1995.0068","title":"Iron and Steel in Ancient China (review)","display_name":"Iron and Steel in Ancient China (review)","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054887380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.1995.0068","mag":"2054887380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cri.1995.0068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.1995.0068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.1995.0068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111636273","display_name":"China review international","issn_l":"1069-5834","issn":["1069-5834","1527-9367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China Review International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048901695","display_name":"Mary E. Tiles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mary E. Tiles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048901695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"267","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ironworking","display_name":"ironworking","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-china","display_name":"ancient China","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cast-iron","display_name":"cast iron","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrought-iron","display_name":"wrought iron","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-tools","display_name":"iron tools","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-weapons","display_name":"iron weapons","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/han-dynasty","display_name":"Han dynasty","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"technological change","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology","display_name":"etiology","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18th-century-china","display_name":"eighteenth-century China","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-scholarships","display_name":"medical scholarships","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-history-of-china","display_name":"Chinese economic history","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-political-history","display_name":"Chinese political history","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-cultural-history","display_name":"Chinese cultural history","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-religious-history","display_name":"Chinese religious history","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6360605955123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5986130833625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5849902629852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779446402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4036051","display_name":"Chapel","level":2,"score":0.5188904404640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169081014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45996","display_name":"Mysticism","level":2,"score":0.4768087565898895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.46427127718925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.4449882209300995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34301435947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.30492061376571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.25570085644721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.24739620089530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.21758341789245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.21423369646072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20643046498298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.173326313495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12210068106651306}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cri.1995.0068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.1995.0068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.1995.0068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111636273","display_name":"China review international","issn_l":"1069-5834","issn":["1069-5834","1527-9367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China Review International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124453465","https://openalex.org/W4375906681","https://openalex.org/W7203448362","https://openalex.org/W2367237194","https://openalex.org/W1906786328","https://openalex.org/W2367860225","https://openalex.org/W2388331430","https://openalex.org/W6911110297","https://openalex.org/W4251409067","https://openalex.org/W2357044859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reviews":[0],"267\u00a9":[1],"1995":[2,422],"by":[3,201,612],"University":[4,110,551,572],"ofHawai'i":[5],"Press":[6],"price":[7],"to":[8,44,57,60,93,156,294,354,377,491,605,627,671],"pay":[9],"for":[10,392,427],"an":[11,177,191,623],"accessible":[12],"and":[13,29,50,68,73,103,120,128,145,148,220,223,243,262,308,395,401,424,449,496,510,517,603,608],"lively":[14],"prose":[15],"work":[16,645],"in":[17,38,46,78,122,150,230,270,278,302,319,329,335,338,344,359,382,460,463,485,505,508,511,560,597,599,642,651,660],"English.":[18],"Clearly":[19],"we":[20],"have":[21],"come":[22],"a":[23,141,182,232,254,260,280,295,330,372,486,532,586,590],"long":[24],"way":[25,281],"from":[26,152,234,614],"the":[27,47,101,153,158,161,196,206,226,286,290,298,339,345,375,407,456,482,493,499,514,536,582,600,628,634,639,652,665,673],"muddled":[28],"mystical":[30],"translations":[31],"ofmedical":[32],"works":[33,99],"that":[34,188,282,325,664],"appeared":[35],"when":[36,314],"interest":[37],"Chinese":[39,276,649],"medicine":[40],"was":[41,316,327,351,363,380],"just":[42],"beginning":[43,159],"revive":[45],"United":[48],"States":[49],"Europe.":[51],"For":[52],"readers":[53],"who":[54],"are":[55,310],"prepared":[56],"attend":[58],"closely":[59],"Xu":[61],"Daqun's":[62],"essays":[63],"on":[64,100,190,205,519,535],"illness":[65],"etiology,":[66],"principles":[67],"methods":[69],"oftreatment,":[70],"medical":[71,102],"scholarship,":[72],"die":[74,355,388,399,434,472],"social":[75,104],"relations":[76],"ofhealing":[77],"eighteenth-century":[79],"China,":[80],"this":[81,259,326],"book":[82],"will":[83,88],"prove":[84],"very":[85],"rewarding.":[86],"It":[87,385],"be":[89],"most":[90,393],"effectively":[91],"put":[92,381],"use,":[94],"however,":[95],"ifsupplemented":[96],"witii":[97],"other":[98,197,615],"history":[105,200,277],"ofthe":[106,166,437],"period.":[107],"Judith":[108],"Farquhar":[109],"ofNorth":[111],"Carolina,":[112],"Chapel":[113],"Hill":[114],"UG":[115],"Donald":[116],"B.":[117],"Wagner.":[118],"Iron":[119],"Steel":[121],"Ancient":[123],"China.":[124,320,384,465],"Leiden,":[125],"New":[126,569],"York,":[127],"London:":[129],"E.":[130,549],"J.":[131],"Brill,":[132],"1992.":[133,574],"xi,":[134],"573":[135],"pp.":[136,576],"Hardcover":[137,577],"$157.25.":[138],"This":[139,213,466,528],"is":[140,172,176,268,324],"study":[142,214],"ofdie":[143],"production":[144,396,462,507,521,541],"use":[146],"ofiron":[147],"steel":[149],"China":[151,337,360,414,509],"earliest":[154,408],"times":[155],"about":[157,633],"of":[160,179,181,199,208,240,297,374,390,469,471,474,498,501,513,516,531,539,552,593,656,675],"Han":[162],"period":[163],"(the":[164],"end":[165],"third":[167,403,438],"century":[168,341,439],"b.c.).":[169],"But":[170],"it":[171,175],"also":[173],"more:":[174],"investigation":[178],"one":[180,618],"series":[183,500],"oftechnological":[184],"choices":[185,503],"which":[186,273,378,661],"treats":[187],"choice":[189,391],"equal":[192],"basis":[193,207],"with":[194,249,289,312,452,609],"all":[195],"factors":[198],"investigating":[202],"its":[203,244],"consequences":[204],"exact":[209],"technological":[210,502],"knowledge":[211],".":[212],"thus":[215],"uses":[216,376],"both":[217],"written":[218,444],"texts":[219],"archaeological":[221,251,453],"material":[222,284],"confronts":[224],"directly":[225],"methodological":[227,241,299],"problems":[228,300],"involved":[229,301],"developing":[231],"synthesis":[233],"these":[235,304],"disparate":[236],"sources.":[237,305],"Its":[238],"consciousness":[239],"issues":[242],"meticulous":[245],"weaving":[246],"ofwritten":[247],"sources":[248],"material,":[250],"evidence":[252,454],"into":[253],"readable":[255],"narrative":[256,292],"text":[257],"make":[258],"remarkable,":[261],"extremely":[263],"useful":[264],"book.":[265],"The":[266,321,646],"tone":[267],"set":[269],"chapter":[271],"1,":[272,420],"oudines":[274],"pre-Han":[275],"such":[279,677],"source":[283],"takes":[285],"central":[287],"place,":[288],"historical":[291,494],"subordinated":[293],"discussion":[296],"using":[303],"Chapter":[306,369,431,478],"2":[307],"3":[309],"concerned":[311],"determining":[313],"iron":[315,350,362,379,411,435,461,476,506],"first":[317],"used":[318,352,365,459],"conclusion":[322],"reached":[323],"probably":[328,364],"partially":[331],"Sinified":[332],"non-Chinese":[333],"culture":[334],"southeast":[336],"sixth":[340],"b.c.":[342,405,440],"While":[343],"ancient":[346,383,464,475],"West":[347],"only":[348],"wrought":[349,367,546],"up":[353],"late":[356],"medieval":[357],"period,":[358],"cast":[361,526],"before":[366],"iron.":[368],"4":[370],"provides":[371],"survey":[373],"rapidly":[386],"became":[387],"metal":[389],"weapons":[394],"instruments":[397],"during":[398],"fourth":[400],"early":[402],"centuries":[404],"Among":[406],"applications":[409],"were":[410],"collars,":[412],"268":[413],"Review":[415],"International:":[416],"Vol.":[417],"2,":[418],"No.":[419],"Spring":[421],"manacles,":[423],"leg":[425],"irons":[426],"prisoners":[428],"or":[429,617],"slaves.":[430],"5":[432],"discusses":[433],"industry":[436],"as":[441,585,622,678],"seen":[442],"through":[443],"sources,":[445],"while":[446],"chapters":[447],"6":[448],"7":[450],"deal":[451],"concerning":[455],"actual":[457],"technology":[458,522,542],"consists":[467],"largely":[468],"studies":[470],"microstructures":[473],"artifacts.":[477],"8":[479],"draws":[480],"together":[481],"book's":[483],"discussions":[484],"more":[487],"speculative":[488],"mood,":[489],"seeking":[490],"indicate":[492],"causes":[495],"effects":[497],"made":[504],"particular":[512,591],"development":[515],"dependence":[518],"large-scale":[520],"(blast":[523],"furnaces":[524,544],"producing":[525,545],"iron).":[527,547],"prompts":[529],"reflections":[530],"similar":[533],"kind":[534],"Western":[537],"adoption":[538],"small-scale":[540],"(bloomery":[543],"Mary":[548],"Tiles":[550],"Hawai'i":[553],"m":[554],"David":[555],"Der-wei":[556],"Wang.":[557],"Fictional":[558],"Realism":[559,584,621],"Twentieth-Century":[561],"China:":[562],"Mao":[563],"Dun,":[564],"Lao":[565],"She,":[566],"Shen":[567],"Congwen.":[568],"York:":[570],"Columbia":[571],"Press,":[573,658],"367":[575],"$45.00.":[578],"One":[579],"can":[580,619],"treat":[581],"word":[583],"fixed":[587],"term":[588],"denoting":[589],"form":[592],"fiction":[594],"writing":[595],"developed":[596],"Europe":[598],"nineteenth":[601],"century,":[602],"adopted":[604],"varying":[606,610],"degrees":[607],"results":[611],"writers":[613,631,676],"cultures;":[616],"view":[620],"open":[624],"concept":[625],"referring":[626],"diverse":[629],"ways":[630],"write":[632],"Real.":[635],"Marston":[636],"Anderson":[637],"took":[638],"former":[640],"stance":[641],"his":[643],"recent":[644],"Limits":[647],"ofRealism:":[648],"Fiction":[650],"Revolutionary":[653],"Period":[654],"(University":[655],"California":[657],"1990),":[659],"he":[662],"found":[663],"realist":[666],"mode,":[667],"strictiy":[668],"defined,":[669],"failed":[670],"serve":[672],"needs":[674],"Lu":[679],"Xun,":[680],"Ye":[681],"Shaozhun,":[682],"Mao...":[683]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}