{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054875336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0363775052000342544","title":"The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis","display_name":"The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054875336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0363775052000342544","mag":"2054875336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0363775052000342544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0363775052000342544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0363775052000342544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173776643","display_name":"Communication Monographs","issn_l":"0363-7751","issn":["0363-7751","1479-5787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Monographs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078294185","display_name":"Edward Schiappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-0576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-0576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Schiappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048648072","display_name":"Peter B. Gregg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-9055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-9055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter B. Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Studies Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Studies Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034189155","display_name":"Dean E. Hewes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean E. Hewes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Studies Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Studies Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8595,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":957,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98150148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"92","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasocial-contact","display_name":"parasocial contact","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergroup-contact","display_name":"intergroup contact","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice-reduction","display_name":"prejudice reduction","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-group-members","display_name":"majority group members","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-men","display_name":"gay men","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-feet-under","display_name":"Six Feet Under","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.8489681482315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8012444972991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141589671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164831","display_name":"Contact hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.7578130960464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183553116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633546","display_name":"Eye contact","level":2,"score":0.6990927457809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6931369304656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551028","display_name":"Social contact","level":2,"score":0.635252058506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992801459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal interaction","level":2,"score":0.5024557113647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.49476855993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.4886229634284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993353187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164831","display_name":"Contact theory","level":2,"score":0.4800199568271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4267190992832184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0363775052000342544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0363775052000342544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0363775052000342544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173776643","display_name":"Communication Monographs","issn_l":"0363-7751","issn":["0363-7751","1479-5787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Monographs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7152012","https://openalex.org/W68793069","https://openalex.org/W407226435","https://openalex.org/W560902443","https://openalex.org/W575176049","https://openalex.org/W601260660","https://openalex.org/W1483679835","https://openalex.org/W1549583661","https://openalex.org/W1555362812","https://openalex.org/W1560879249","https://openalex.org/W1572834885","https://openalex.org/W1656810637","https://openalex.org/W1731841610","https://openalex.org/W1841352775","https://openalex.org/W1966114254","https://openalex.org/W1968083606","https://openalex.org/W1970021200","https://openalex.org/W1970525349","https://openalex.org/W1976463060","https://openalex.org/W1976501886","https://openalex.org/W1989628181","https://openalex.org/W1990668759","https://openalex.org/W1996608158","https://openalex.org/W1997475706","https://openalex.org/W2008542123","https://openalex.org/W2015163015","https://openalex.org/W2016312681","https://openalex.org/W2021486938","https://openalex.org/W2027768622","https://openalex.org/W2027974451","https://openalex.org/W2034328075","https://openalex.org/W2034954917","https://openalex.org/W2044166623","https://openalex.org/W2055332317","https://openalex.org/W2066723368","https://openalex.org/W2071245920","https://openalex.org/W2082654999","https://openalex.org/W2084689522","https://openalex.org/W2094944517","https://openalex.org/W2096471767","https://openalex.org/W2099068279","https://openalex.org/W2103280496","https://openalex.org/W2107917331","https://openalex.org/W2110020467","https://openalex.org/W2114995726","https://openalex.org/W2116267601","https://openalex.org/W2123701325","https://openalex.org/W2129552065","https://openalex.org/W2139875806","https://openalex.org/W2144354189","https://openalex.org/W2155618494","https://openalex.org/W2157300266","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2160719809","https://openalex.org/W2171099065","https://openalex.org/W2325294863","https://openalex.org/W2334011104","https://openalex.org/W2476747577","https://openalex.org/W2481229798","https://openalex.org/W2505403670","https://openalex.org/W2895552032","https://openalex.org/W2900835707","https://openalex.org/W2981159826","https://openalex.org/W3046933331","https://openalex.org/W3114129006","https://openalex.org/W4297981943","https://openalex.org/W4298058714","https://openalex.org/W4300107936","https://openalex.org/W4392996479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097441846","https://openalex.org/W3089046883","https://openalex.org/W3093226300","https://openalex.org/W2997171283","https://openalex.org/W3191111384","https://openalex.org/W1617254531","https://openalex.org/W3030586879","https://openalex.org/W4377232288","https://openalex.org/W1530875084","https://openalex.org/W4292714782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,42],"propose":[1],"a":[2,23],"communication":[3],"analogue":[4],"to":[5,26,50],"Allport's":[6],"()":[7],"Contact":[8,13],"Hypothesis":[9,14],"called":[10],"the":[11,30,46,74,105,126],"Parasocial":[12],"(PCH).":[15],"If":[16],"people":[17],"process":[18],"mass-mediated":[19],"parasocial":[20,40,62,80,93,115,119],"interaction":[21],"in":[22,57,123],"manner":[24],"similar":[25],"interpersonal":[27],"interaction,":[28],"then":[29],"socially":[31],"beneficial":[32],"functions":[33],"of":[34,55,100,104,108,128],"intergroup":[35],"contact":[36,63,81,94,116],"may":[37],"result":[38],"from":[39],"contact.":[41],"describe":[43],"and":[44,70,77,84,121],"test":[45],"PCH":[47,109],"with":[48,64,82,97],"respect":[49],"majority":[51],"group":[52,130],"members'":[53],"level":[54],"prejudice":[56],"three":[58,91],"studies,":[59,92],"two":[60],"involving":[61,79],"gay":[65],"men":[66],"(Six":[67],"Feet":[68],"Under":[69],"Queer":[71],"Eye":[72],"for":[73],"Straight":[75],"Guy)":[76],"one":[78],"comedian":[83],"male":[85],"transvestite":[86],"Eddie":[87],"Izzard.":[88],"In":[89],"all":[90],"was":[95],"associated":[96],"lower":[98],"levels":[99],"prejudice.":[101],"Moreover,":[102],"tests":[103],"underlying":[106],"mechanisms":[107],"were":[110],"generally":[111],"supported,":[112],"suggesting":[113],"that":[114],"facilitates":[117],"positive":[118],"responses":[120],"changes":[122],"beliefs":[124],"about":[125],"attributes":[127],"minority":[129],"categories.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}